Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

Background: Recent advances in science have established a fundamental role for low grade chronic inflammation in mediating all stages of most of the non-communicable diseases associated with ageing. Pro-inflammatory effects of hyperglycemia have been described. Dairy and its components are known to exert beneficial effects on postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigates if dairy, normal and enriched, can reduce chronic inflammation via improvement in glucose regulation. Objective: To compare the effect of a nutrient-enriched dairy drink on parameters of glucose regulation and postprandial inflammation with the effect of a standard milk drink, within a population of overweight, apparently healthy subjects. Study design: The study is designed as a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel trial during 7 weeks, during which the test and reference products will be consumed at home. Main study parameters/endpoints: The difference in absolute change in fasting blood plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and IL-6, from baseline to endpoint, and the difference in postprandial response of plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and IL-6 at the end of the treatment period, between subjects consuming the test and reference product.

This trial is conducted in Europe. The aim of the trial is to investigate the mechanism of action of NNC0109-0012 (anti-IL-20 mAb) through synovial biopsies in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to Methotrexate.

This study will determine if a comprehensive antioxidant/anti-inflammatory dietary supplement pack can offer protection against a decline in lung function and increase in inflammation and oxidative stress following acute exposure to particulate matter air pollution with a diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5). The investigators hypothesis is a follows: Compared to an appropriate control, supplementation with a comprehensive antioxidant/anti-inflammatory dietary supplement pack for 18 weeks will: 1) reduce the decline in lung function following acute exposure to naturally occurring elevations in PM2.5 levels as measured by exhaled nitric oxide levels and forced vital lung capacity; and 2) reduce changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines following acute exposure to naturally occurring elevations in PM2.5 levels as measured by plasma levels of C-reactive protein.

A major means whereby oxidative stress promotes aging-related disease is by activating inflammatory pathways. Decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation should ameliorate many of the problems associated with aging, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that consumption of vitamin D and phase 2 protein inducers decrease oxidative stress and associated inflammation. The flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is metabolized to enterolactone, a potent phase 2 protein inducer. Animal and human studies have shown that consumption of flax seed or its component SDG decreases hypertension, serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis, the growth of experimentally-induced cancers as well as metastases of human breast tumours implanted into nude mice, and delays the development of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D plays a role in modulating inflammation, enhancing immunity (while suppressing autoimmune injury) and exerting control over cell differentiation. Adequate levels of vitamin D also appear to promote better glycemic control. The investigators predict that consumption of SDG in persons with adequate vitamin D status will decrease oxidative stress and associated inflammation. If this hypothesis is upheld, this research has the potential to greatly decrease healthcare costs while allowing healthier aging.

Dietary polyphenols might have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism based on the studies made in animals or cell cultures. The findings regarding the possible decrease of low-grade inflammation are existing also in humans. Low-grade inflammation has been suggested to be a mechanistic link between obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of diet rich in berries on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers.

Subclinical inflammation is now indisputably recognized as a key etiological factor in the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Obesity and related dysmetabolic states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent causes of subclinical inflammation. Obesity and MetS are both diet and lifestyle-related and there is a growing body of literature suggesting that specific nutrients, such as long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA), may attenuate the pro-inflammatory state associated with these conditions. However, careful review of existing literature on this topic reveals important gaps in knowledge, the purported anti-inflammatory effects of LCn-3PUFA even being questioned by many. Significant confounding attributable to study design, sample size and biomarker selection may be responsible in part for inconsistencies in the literature on LCn-3PUFA and inflammation. We also found that evidence available to date (for and against) is based primarily on secondary analyses, as most of the studies published were not primarily designed to investigate inflammation as a primary outcome. It remains unclear whether the different LCn-3PUFA, primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), have similar effects on pro-inflammatory processes as almost all studies were undertaken using a mix of LCn-3PUFA. Whether efficacy of EPA and DHA is influenced by sex/gender is also unknown. Finally, a better understanding of the systemic and tissue-specific mechanisms underlying the anticipated anti-inflammatory effects of different LCn-3PUFA in MetS would also be of great value. Addressing these gaps has important public health implications, considering that LCn-3PUFA supplements are broadly and indiscriminately recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The overarching objective of the proposed research is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA in men and women with MetS.

This multi-centre prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (bIAP) in reducing the pro-inflammatory post-surgical responses and thereby preserving organ functions in patients undergoing invasive cardiac surgery: combined aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting.

Visual assessment of diagnostic PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) images obtained after a single intravenous injection of BAY94-9392 in patients with cancer or inflammation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute and short-term intervention with fish oil on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects.

The investigators recent epidemiologic work in several national surveys and cohorts of men and women have shown that dietary patterns high in plant-based foods and phytochemicals are associated with lower plasma levels of insulin, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein, and reduced risk of type 2 DM and CHD. While the physiologic impact of different foods on serum glucose and insulin is of critical importance, the extent to which specific dietary nutrients can modify insulin resistance is not well understood. Magnesium is a biologically active constituent in whole-grain, green leafy vegetables, and nuts and appears to play an essential role in hundreds of physiologic processes in humans. However, it remains uncertain whether magnesium intake can exert effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Moreover, little is known of the extent to which magnesium intake elicits changes in the expression levels of key genes responsible for glucose homeostasis and systemic inflammation. The ultimate clinical question is whether magnesium supplementation would be clinically effective for the improvement of metabolic disorders in not yet diabetic but high-risk individuals, especially those who are susceptible to insulin resistance. Therefore, as a direct follow up on our previous work in studying the health benefits of plant-based foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, we propose a pilot randomized trial to unravel the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium supplementation versus placebo among overweight individuals with the metabolic syndrome who are particularly prone to the adverse effects of magnesium deficiency. Recent advancements in molecular genetics and genomic technologies have also enabled us to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously in different experimental conditions. The application of high throughput microarray technology in randomized-controlled setting when analyzed with novel statistical methods, will not only help our understanding of nutrient-disease relations, but also afford the investigators the opportunity to gain important insight into the molecular mechanism for complex biological systems of inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities in response to nutrition intervention.