Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health related benefits of a superfoods nutrition supplement on health related quality of life.

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a type of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), functioning as a metabolically active endocrine organ and suggested to play an important role in the progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Obesity and MetS are commonly associated with an inflammatory status. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of echocardiographically measured epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and inflammation, on the basis of c-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with MetS and its components in people with obesity. A total of 104 patients with body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m² were enrolled to the study. In all participants, EFT was measured with transthoracic echocardiography at end-systole. The patients were then classified into two groups according to whether they had MetS or not. EFT, clinical and biochemical parameters were compared between the two groups

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and low vitamin D status. Vitamin D has traditionally been known to involve in calcium homeostasis and prevent rickets; however, recently it has been recognized to inversely associate with many non-skeletal diseases and conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In vitro studies have demonstrated that vitamin D possesses anti-inflammatory properties. It remains unknown if the effect of vitamin D on insulin sensitivity is mediated by suppressing inflammation in human adipose tissues. The main objective of this study was to assess the association between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity and inflammation in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women. Obese women (n=76) were recruited from the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Nutrition and Wellness Center and the UIC medical center bariatric surgery clinics. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was assessed by (1) Oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index, derived from dynamic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and (2) Homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), calculated from fasting steady-state glucose and insulin. Also, to better understand the potential mechanism and the role circulating vitamin D (25OHD) plays in adipose tissue inflammation, we assessed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and various inflammatory genes in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) of obese women that underwent a restrictive bariatric procedure. We hypothesized that subjects with higher serum vitamin D levels would be less inflamed and more insulin sensitive and have increased expression of VDR and pro-inflammatory markers compared to those with lower serum vitamin D levels.

The aim of the proposed trial in assessment of effects of Kalydeco™ treatment on sinonasal involvement in CF patients with at least one mutation of G551D receiving a new therapy with the CFTR potentiator. The focus will be given on changes in epithelial lining fluid inflammatory markers from CF upper airways sampled by nasal lavage. The program is subdivided into a part A assessing inflammatory markers in NL and sinonasal symptoms longitudinally from pre-treatment to months with the new therapy. Part B will only be performed in a smaller subgroup and assess inflammatory markers in NL every second day in the first month of treatment and then every week until the end of month 3 with Kalydeco™ therapy.

Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. There is evidence for a relation between the efficacy and safety of voriconazole and voriconazole trough concentrations. There are several factors that could influence voriconazole concentrations. Inflammation could be one of these factors. In a retrospective study was observed that reduced metabolism of voriconazole was related to inflammation in patients with severe infections. Reduced metabolism of voriconazole resulted in high voriconazole levels and low N-oxide metabolite (inactive metabolite of voriconazole) levels. The purpose of this study is to determine an algorithm to guide dosing of voriconazole during severe inflammation and to develop a multiple linear regression model to describe the contribution of CRP concentrations to the variability in voriconazole levels and metabolic ratio.

Background: - Diesel fuel is the most commonly used fuel to power cars and trucks worldwide. However, diesel exhaust fumes can have harmful effects on the body. Researchers are interested in studying how diesel exhaust exposure can affect lung health. To study these effects, researchers will look at employees of a diesel truck engine testing facility in China. Some workers at this facility are exposed to high levels of diesel exhaust. This study will compare tests and monitoring information from a group of highly exposed workers and a similar group of unexposed comparable controls. Objectives: To study the effects of diesel exhaust on lung health. Eligibility: Participants will be drawn from a diesel truck engine testing facility and other workplaces in China. Individuals at least 18 years of age who work in workshops with diesel fuel. Individuals at least 18 years of age who work in workshops that do not use diesel fuel. Design: Depending on what type of factory study subjects work in, participants will wear personal air pumps and small badges on their clothing on one or more days. This equipment will measure particles, chemicals, and other compounds in the air. This information plus other information collected in the study including workplace practices will be used to estimate exposure to diesel exhaust among study subjects. Participants will provide a number of study samples. These samples include blood, urine, and sputum. To collect other samples, participants will also have a mouth rinse, cheek cell scrapes, and nasal cell scrapes. They will also have a physical exam. Treatment will not be provided as part of this study. Participants will receive financial compensation for participation in the study.

Objective: To characterize FeNO levels that may be indicative of eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease Number of participants: Approximately 200 subjects will be enrolled Reference product: NIOX MINO® Instrument (09-1100) Performance assessments: Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) Measurements will be performed according to the "Perform FeNO Measurement" guidelines on page 7 of the NIOX MINO® User Manual Safety assessments: The Investigator is responsible for the detection, reporting, and documentation of events meeting the definition of an Adverse Event (AE) and/or Serious Injuries as provided in this clinical investigation plan from the time that informed consent has been provided and during the study period Criteria for evaluations: This is an observational, pilot study and there are currently no plans for a formal statistical analysis. Information gained from this study may used to design subsequent studies in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Information collected will be summarized in a clinical study report but will not be subject to formal hypothesis testing

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory disease of the airway affecting approximately 10% of individuals aged 40 years or more with a smoking history. The disease is characterized by an increase in numbers of airway white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). Stimulation of white blood cells results in the release of different agents of inflammation. Some of these agents give an indication of the presence or severity of a disease when measured. This case control study will be conducted at The Heart Lung Centre, London, UK. The study aims to determine biomarkers for the differentiation of subjects with COPD (GOLD Stage 1-2 and who are current smokers with a ≥ 10 pack year smoking history) and three matched control groups: one of non-smoking subjects (never smoked), one of ex-smokers and one of current smokers. COPD subjects will be matched to the non-COPD subjects by gender, age and ethnicity. The study will include a range of physiological measurements including lung function, computerized tomography scans (CT scans), cardio pulmonary exercise test and computerized multichannel lung sounds analysis (Stethographics). In addition, lung inflammation will be assessed by cellular and molecular biomarkers using e.g. transcriptomics and proteomics technologies.

The study will quantitatively evaluate the systemic, postprandial inflammatory and metabolic response to the ingestion of three different meals in obese subjects. The administered meals will differ in the proportion of dairy products. Postprandial response will be monitored during 6 hours after meal consumption.

Background. Obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are closely associated with chronic inflammation characterized by abnormal cytokine production. Some authors have found discordances between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other measures of glycemic control, suggesting that a "glycation gap", defined as the difference between the HbA1c concentration and that predicted by the fructosamine concentration, could explain the excess interindividual variation in HbA1c. The present study was aimed to examine the association between inflammation, sociodemographic (age, gender) and lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, alcohol, and tobacco consumption), and common diseases. In addition, we also examine levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, fructosamine and "glycation gap" determining the prevalence of "high glycators" in a general adult population and their association with lifestyles and prevalent diseases. Methods. Selection of a random sample of the general adult population from a single municipality (A-Estrada, Pontevedra, Spain), stratified by age. The initial sampling includes 3,500 subjects. Considering approximate 67% participation rate, the final study population would include more than 2,000 individuals. The standard workup includes structured questionnaires, skin prick test, periodontal examination, psychological tests, physical examination and blood determinations to allow for categorization of participants in terms of basic demographics, profession, education level, socioeconomic level, quality of life, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and smoking, atopy, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease. We determine blood levels of inflammation markers, HBA1c, fructosamine and glucose. We will collect a urine sample for microalbuminuria determination. In addition, blood will be drawn to be stored at the Biobank of our Hospital. One half of participants (~1000 individuals) will undergo continuous glucose monitoring. The design is cross-sectional, followed by a longitudinal study using population registries for the determination of events (mortality). Discussion. This comprehensive study in a general adult population provides an excellent opportunity to determine serum concentrations of inflammation and glycation markers and how they can vary widely with age, sex, common habits, metabolic abnormalities, and chronic diseases. The findings from this study should also help to find out the relationship between glucose profiles and HbA1c and fructosamine concentrations with diet and inflammation markers. Keywords: Inflammation, glycation, glycated hemoglobin, glycation gap, continuous glucose monitoring, obesity, allergy, periodontal diseases, depression, metabolic diseases.