Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

This is a pilot acute dietary intervention study with a randomized cross-over design aiming to investigate whether acute supplementation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) rich in oleocanthal could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia and activation of platelets in T2DM patients. For this reason, non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (10-15) will be randomly assigned to consume in five different days white bread (50 g CHO) with butter, butter with ibuprofen, refined olive oil and olive oil with oleocanthal (250 mg/Kg 500 mg/Kg). Blood samples will be collected pre- and post-intervention up to 4 hours in order to determine platelet aggregation, postprnadial glycemia, lipemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Taking into account the strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties of oleocanthal, this study will assess whether oleocanthal-rich olive oils could exert similar effects under real in vivo conditions in T2DM patients. It will also assess whether these effects are achieved through improvement of postprandial glycemia and lipemia.

Background: The investigators have found that obesity and insulin resistance result in significantly increased brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, whereas in every other tissue glucose uptake is lower in the obese compared to lean individuals. One possible explanation to this could be central inflammation and activation of brain glial cells, which has been shown to occur in animal models of obesity. Aims: The objective of this study is to investigate whether there is brain inflammation in human obesity, and whether weight loss following bariatric surgery decreases brain inflammation. Methods: A total of 60 morbidly obese subjects, assigned for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or for sleeve gastrectomy according to routine treatment protocols will be recruited for this study. A control group of 30 healthy subjects will also be recruited. The following studies will be performed to patients and healthy subjects: 1) structural MRI and MRS, 2) functional MRI, 3) PET imaging of cerebral inflammation and astrocyte activation using [11C]-PK11195, 4) measurement of whole-body and tissue insulin sensitivity by combining hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp with [18F]-FDG-PET, 5) neuropsychological testing. The study procedures will be repeated for the morbidly obese 6 months postoperatively.

Background: The Portuguese National Health Directorate has issued clinical practice guidelines on prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors, acid suppressive therapy and proton pump inhibitors, and anti-platelets. However, their effectiveness in changing actual practice is unknown. The objectives will be to compare the effectiveness of educational outreach visits in the implementation of clinical guidelines in primary care in Portugal against usual implementation strategies and to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of this method. Methods: The trial will be a parallel, cluster-randomized, unblinded, trial in primary care, with a 1:1 allocation ratio. This study will assess the effect of educational outreach visits on physician compliance with prescription guidelines. The general study hypothesis is whether educational outreach visits are superior to usual implementation of guidelines regarding the reduction of inappropriate prescribing (compliance with prescription guidelines). All National Health Service primary care units in the Lisbon (Portugal) region will be invited to participate. Units will be eligible if they are using an Electronic Health Record to issue prescriptions and have at least four doctors willing to participate. Doctors in intervention units will receive three educational outreach visits (one for each guideline) during a six months period, while the control group doctors will be offered an unrelated group training session (on using the international classification for primary care). Intervention visits will be one on one 15 minutes discussions conducted by guideline authors or trained family physicians at the physician's workplace. There are two primary outcomes, measured at the physician's level. One is the proportion of COX-2 inhibitors prescribed within the entire NSAID class, in defined daily doses 18 months after the intervention. The other is the proportion of omeprazole within the entire proton pump inhibitors class, in defined daily doses at 18 months post-intervention. Prescription data will be collected from the regional pharmacy claims database.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic systemic hypoxia and low-grade inflammation as well as by an alteration of arginine (ARG) metabolism. As ARG is synthetized from circulating citrulline (CIT), an alteration of CIT homeostasis, particularly its production by ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT) in small intestine could be involved. We hypothesized that hypoxia +/- inflammation, classically associated to COPD, has effects on OCT regulation in enterocytes. This study aims at exploring the effects of hypoxia and inflammation on the production of citrulline by ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in enterocytes from explant cultures of duodenal tissue.

Despite the pathophysiology of IBS remains largely unsettled, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain symptom generation. These include psychosocial factors, altered gastrointestinal motor function and altered perception of visceral stimuli because of chronic low-grade inflammation and increased nociceptive mediator release by inflammatory cells, particularly mast cells. The aim of this pilot study is to provide evidence of: intestinal mast cell (MC) infiltration and activation in IBS patients; down-modulation of MC activation by the oral administration of the association of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and polydatin in IBS patients.

This study aim to detect change in vascular inflammation following intense lipid lowering therapy

This study will examine how medical cannabis use affects neuropathic pain, inflammation and adverse events in people living with HIV (PLWH) with neuropathic pain. We will study how varying ratios of THC and CBD in medical cannabis impact neuropathic pain, inflammation and adverse events.

The purpose of this study to determine whether Fish oil (Omega-3 Fatty Acid) supplementation has an impact on inflammation and lean body mass in older adults. The investigators expect that Fish oil supplementation will reduce inflammation and prevent the loss of lean mass compared to placebo.

To assess the effect of resistin on neutrophil migration and intracellular bacterial killing

Our study addresses the following research question: What is the role of obesity in modulating inflammation and innate immune function, as well as the overall responsiveness of innate immune cells (such as macrophages, neutrophils, and other peripheral leukocytes) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis? The investigators hypothesize that obesity will lead to increased inflammation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.