Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

Cooking oil fume (COF) is a significant source of PM2.5 for poorly ventilated space indoors and in urban streets near restaurants or night markets. Modern Chinese cooking produces high concentration of COF especially from deep-frying foods and stirred frying. Emission from high-temperature frying has been classified by the IARC as Group 2A carcinogen. Cooks are at high risk of exposure to toxic compounds from cooking fumes. However, more of the COF-related studies focused on the home kitchen and less addresses the problems in the restaurants. Studying health hazards and biomarkers of cooks may provide opportunities to understand biological mechanisms and to search and test efficacy for measures to overturn such risks. The investigators will recruit 80 cooks who handle deep-frying and stirred frying on daily basis. The 80 cooks will be randomized to 4 groups: (1) control, (2) vegetable and fruits extract (V&F) group, (3) fish oil group, and (4) V&F-fish oil group will be provided to the participants for 2 months V&F capsules (equivalent to 4 servings a day) and fish oil capsules (1~1.5 serving a day) and placebos of the same appearance. Heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary functions, bio-markers, oxylipins and metabolomics profile will be measured as outcomes.

This study will evaluate the evolution of leptomeningeal lesions via leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE) presence/disappearance after treatment administration in patients with active progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, this study will investigate if the presence of leptomeningeal inflammation is associated with alterations of B cell repertoire and whether therapy with ocrelizumab will lead to change of B cell repertoire in LMCE-positive patients.

This project uses a hybrid trial design to evaluate two biomedical interventions targeting the gut-brain axis. One intervention is portable Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulator, tVNS, that is hypothesized to stimulate the autonomic nervous system, resulting in decreased inflammation and improved cognition. The second intervention is a probiotic supplement intended to replace gut bacteria that are associated with dysbiosis in persons with HIV and alcohol consumption.

This study plans to learn more about differences in heart disease risk after gender-affirming orchiectomy (i.e., testes removal) in older transgender (trans) women compared to younger trans women.

This pilot study is an interventional clinical study on the supportive peri-implant treatment (SPiT) necessary to maintain/ improve the clinical conditions surrounding a dental implant following surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. The focus of this pilot, double arm, split-mouth, single centre, controlled, randomised clinical study is to examine the effect of short-term increased frequency of a SPiT-protocol.

Converging evidence from the literature suggests that digestive inflammation may play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The investigators showed in the laboratory in a pilot study that PD patients have digestive inflammation and that the level of inflammation was inversely related to the length of the disease course. This digestive inflammation could be at the origin of an increased intestinal permeability in a subpopulation of parkinsonian patients, cause or consequence of modifications of the intestinal microbiota, thus offering a potential portal of entry for a pathogen according to Braak's theory. To opponents of this theory, it could also reflect the spread of inflammation from the Central nervous System to the Enteral Nervous System (ENS), via the brain-gut axis. Investigators' hypothesis is that digestive inflammation occurs very early in Parkinson's disease and that it is associated with hyperpermeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier and a change in the intestinal microbiota composition. The investigators propose to study the inflammation markers in the ENS of patients with a pre-motor form of PD (idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, n = 20), early-stage PD (<5 years, without dopatherapy, n = 20), more advanced PD (> 5 years, n = 20) and control subjects (n = 20), on colonic biopsies taken during a rectosigmoidoscopy or a coloscopy. Intestinal permeability will be measured by ex-vivo techniques (in a Ussing chamber), the composition of the microbiota will be established by sequencing 16s RNA and the lesional load of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein will be evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All of these parameters will be correlated with clinical data on the severity of PD: duration of development, age, total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score and axial sub-score, cognitive tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), existence of a probable idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire RBDSQ), olfactory tests, complaint of dysautonomia (SCales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease - autonomic dysfunction, SCOPA-Aut). The analysis of inflammation markers, the intestinal barrier and the microbiota could be a first step making it possible to formulate physiopathological hypotheses on the development of PD, to propose predictive biomarkers of the disease and its severity and to design early interventions in the hope of modifying the evolutionary course of the pathological process.

Background: The lung is a privileged organ; blood does not reflect most lung processes well, if at all. Therefore, for population scale diagnostics, the investigator team is developing non-invasive portals to the lung, for eventual early detection/risk assessment and diagnostic purposes. However, large macromolecules are not likely suspended nor readily detected in the breath. In particular, genomic DNA in the breath condensate (EBC) is very sparse, and where present, generally highly fragmented, not readily amenable to sequencing based assessments of DNA somatic mutation burden or distribution. Because gDNA (and protein) is challenging to obtain non-invasively from EBC, the study team considered alternative surrogate lower airway specimens. Cough capture is rarely done, and the investigator team is in the process of optimizing its collection. Importantly, the team will be evaluating how much of coughed material is from saliva contamination. Additionally, analyzing material that is target captured by capturing deep lung extracellular vesicles (EVs) using immobilized CCSP/SFTPC antibodies targeting EVs from distal bronchiole Club and alveolar type 2 cells could circumvent the mouth contamination problem, leaving a non-invasive portal to the deep lung suitable for large molecules, and in turn suitable for myriad epidemiologic and clinical applications. Proposal: The investigator team proposes (Aim 1) to pursue optimizing cough collection, and testing the efficacy and practicality of partitioning cough specimen for deep-lung specific extra-cellular vesicles (EVs). This cough specimen will be compared to that from invasively collected deep lung samples BAL/bronchial brushings, and to the potential contaminating mouthrinse, all from the same individuals. (Aim 2) The study team initially proposes to examine these cough specimens for somatic mutations by SMM bulk sequencing for single nucleotide variation, developed in the Vijg/Maslov labs. Finally, the investigator team will (Aim 3) test all airway specimens (cough, mouthwash and BAL) for lung surrogacy of cough, using proteins known to be specific for lung, as opposed to oral cavity/saliva, in the Sidoli/proteomics core. Impact: The investigator team envisions that the translational impact of non-invasively obtained DNA or protein markers could allow for more rapid acute clinical diagnoses, and facilitate precision prevention and/or early detection of many acute and chronic respiratory disorders, including lung cancer, asthma and COPD, acute and chronic infectious diseases, and indeed systemic disorders of inflammation and metabolism.

This is a Phase III clinical randomized control trial to investigate differences between patient with an infected nonunion treated by PO vs. IV antibiotics. The study population will be 250 patients, 18 years or older, being treated for infected nonunion after internal fixation of a fracture with a segmental defect less than one centimeter. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the treatment (group 1) PO antibiotics for 6 weeks or the control group (group 2) IV antibiotics for 6 weeks. The primary hypothesis is that the effectiveness of oral antibiotic therapy is equivalent to traditional intravenous antibiotic therapy for the treatment of infected nonunion after fracture internal fixation, when such therapy is combined with appropriate surgical management. Clinical effectiveness will be measured as the primary outcome as the number of secondary re-admissions related to injury and secondary outcomes of treatment failure (re-infection, nonunion, antibiotic complications) within the first one year of follow-up, as defined by specified criteria and determined by a blinded data assessment panel. In addition, treatment compliance, the cost of treatment, the number of surgeries required, the type and incidence of complications, and the duration of hospitalization will be measured.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and Impact of low dose Dasatinib in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PWH) on suppressive Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART),. The main question it aims to answer are: How safe and tolerable is Dasatinib administered at low dose To evaluate the on-target/biological effect of Dasatinib in "in vitro" T-cells activation and its durability after completion of the treatment To evaluate the effect of Dasatinib on inflammation and immune activation, on the HIV-1 reservoir, and on cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) cell counts. To characterize Dasatinib concentrations in plasma and its relationships with the observed effects. Participants will be treated with Dasatinib or matched Placebo once a day for 24 weeks. Suppressive cART will remain unchanged during the entire study. Participants will be followed until week 48, in a total of eleven visits.

The PLANET Study aims to determine the impact of microplastics on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiome in order to understand the role of this pollutant on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as other diseases. With this information, the researchers hope to characterize better the role of environmental pollutants on IBD and develop novel strategies towards prevention.