Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Medications like olanzapine have been associated with the development of weight gain and diabetes in some patients. It is not known if the increased risk of developing diabetes is a direct effect on insulin or simply related to weight gain. We hope to learn in this study whether or not olanzapine directly slows down insulin secretion from the pancreas, thereby increasing the risk of developing diabetes.

Test the hypothesis that nebivolol treatment improves fibrinolytic balance and insulin sensitivity compared to metoprolol treatment in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

The overall hypothesis of these studies is that circulating triglycerides, coming primarily from fat in the diet, are an important source of free fatty acids. Free fatty acids are the major fat fuel in the body, and when they are elevated in the blood they are thought to raise the risk of cardiovascular disease by causing insulin resistance (in some cases leading to diabetes), raising blood pressure, and other effects. The investigator will use sophisticated methods for tracing triglycerides and free fatty acids in the blood. These methods involve the administration of low doses of radioactive and stable isotopes of naturally occurring fats. The studies will determine the contribution of triglycerides to free fatty acids in normal people and also in people with diabetes.

The purpose of this project is to determine if hyperinsulinemia attenuates sympathetic nervous system-mediated vasoconstriction in the human leg.

The overall objective of the current proposal is to strengthen the putative link between FFA induced insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD). To this end, the investigators will test the following hypotheses: 1) that FFA induced activation of protein kinase C βII (PKC β II) and δ and other serine kinases such as IκB kinase (IKK) in human muscle is associated with a decrease in insulin stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and of IRS-1 associated phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase; 2) that these changes precede the development of insulin resistance; 3) that the decrease in IκB-α results in activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines; 4) that PKC and IKK are involved in producing insulin resistance and activation of the IκB/ NFκB pathway and lastly 5) that the same mechanisms operative in healthy volunteers are also operative in patients with T2DM.The investigators will test these hypotheses in normal (current) and diabetic volunteers (previously completed) . Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps will be performed with and without co-infusion of lipid plus heparin (to raise FFAs) and by obtaining serial muscle and fat biopsies and blood samples will be obtained for measurement of substrates, hormones, enzymes and metabolites.

In a recent series of studies performed by our group, we have shown that exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT) leads to an increase in insulin sensitivity in male subjects and that this improvement can be measured in all men, not just those with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the time course of this effect and explore the mechanisms involved when exposure to HBOT induces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aims: To determine whether the insulin sensitising effect of HBOT is apparent 24-hours after an HBO session. To examine mechanisms underpinning the increase in insulin sensitivity following HBOT.

Obesity is a common problem in the Veteran population as at least 1 in 3 Veterans are obese. When obese people eat food they have less response in areas of the brain that sense pleasure (reward). Decreased pleasure response to food predicts future weight gain. It is not known if this poor brain response is reversible or why obese people's brains respond this way. Insulin in the brain regulates the brain's sensing of pleasure. As people gain weight the function of insulin becomes impaired. The investigators will study if impaired function of insulin is related to a poor brain response to food and if this brain response predicts voluntary intake of food and response to a diet. The investigators will also study if improving the function of insulin with weight loss improves the brain response. These studies will improve the understanding as to why weight loss is difficult and inform us if improving insulin signaling is a potential way to treat obesity.

Several studies showed that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for development of diabetes mellitus. However none of the previous studies have investigated the effect of lowering serum uric acid levels on insulin resistance of which is also named as prediabetes. With this background in mind, we aimed to test the effect of lowering serum uric acid level with allopurinol on insulin resistance.

In order to address this crucial question, central to preterm newborn care, a multicentre United Kingdom (UK) -wide study randomising 4000 preterm babies would be necessary to achieve sufficient power to evaluate the impact on the short-term outcomes necrotising enterocolitis and bloodstream infection, and establish cohorts large enough to address long-term metabolic (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular (such as blood pressure) and developmental outcomes. This pilot trial will evaluate the practicability and feasibility of such a large multicentre UK randomised controlled trial. In addition to evaluating feasibility and to ensure maximal use of resources allocated, this study will also assess outcomes that are indicative of long term metabolic health.

The purpose of this study is to determine if resveratrol supplementation preserves beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in post-partum women following a first diagnosis of gestational diabetes. We hypothesize that daily supplementation with resveratrol will preserve beta cell function and insulin sensitivity.