Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

This study aims to show whether the hyperglycaemic phases following a treatment with glucocorticoids, as well as blood measurements correlated to high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, vary significantly between patients with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential nutrients that the body obtains from proteins found in food, especially meat, diary products, and legumes. Data from rodent studies suggest that reduction of dietary BCAAs will promote fat mass loss and improved control of blood glucose. The purpose of this study is to test if reduction of dietary BCAAs without reducing calorie intake will lead to similar metabolic benefits in humans. Here the investigators test the feasibility of reducing dietary BCAAs using BCAA-free meal replacement beverages for two months.

Insufficient or disrupted sleep, lack of physical activity and poor diet are linked with obesity and are now potential targets to combat obesity. Sleep related issues have become more important as people have been able to work, socialize, and use electronic devices outside of daylight hours. This has also altered how we eat and how we exercise. All of these factors can cause the body to not handle glucose (sugar) well resulting in insulin resistance. In time this could lead to type 2 diabetes.

This controlled weight loss trial in adults at cardiometabolic risk (elevated triglyceride/HDL ratio) followed a randomized, cross-over design and utilized novel, high-protein pasta and cereal to examine the physiological impact of stealth substitution of dietary carbohydrate with protein derived from soy concentrates, wheat protein isolates, and dried egg whites. Pasta dishes were prepared using high-protein orzo and fusilli pasta (Zone PastaRxTM) or conventional, gluten-free pasta, and high-protein flaked cereal (ZoneTM cereal) was matched with conventional flaked cereal. Participants were instructed to follow an energy restricted diet (-500 kcal/d) and incorporate a test food into each of three meals over a 24-hour period. The diet-induced changes in body mass and lean body mass were tracked as well as changes in in insulin sensitivity and common blood biomarkers.

Insulin resistance (or pre-diabetes) is diagnosed using the oral glucose tolerance test. However, high blood glucose levels during this test may adversely impact on microvascular function. Investigators will determine whether a liquid mixed meal challenge (from carbohydrate, protein and fat) is a more appropriate test for assessing microvascular-derived insulin resistance.

The objective of this study is to study the association between insulin resistance and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM).

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex metabolic disorder with many pathophysiological disturbances including insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction which are causally related to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and which contribute to reduced life expectancy. Renal hypoxia, stemming from a potential metabolic mismatch between increased renal energy expenditure and impaired substrate utilization, is increasingly proposed as a unifying early pathway in the development of DKD. By examining the interplay between factors responsible for increased renal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption and decreased ATP generation in young adults with and without T1D, this study hopes to identify novel therapeutic targets to impede the development of DKD in future trials. The investigators propose to address the specific aims in a cross-sectional study with 30 adults with T1D and 20 controls without a diagnosis of diabetes. For this protocol, participants will complete a one day study visit at Children's Hospital Colorado. Patients will undergo a Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan to assess body composition, renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to quantify renal oxygenation and perfusion, and a Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scan to quantify renal O2 consumption. After the PET and MRI, participants will undergo a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to quantify insulin sensitivity. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF) will be measured by iohexol and PAH clearances during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. To further investigate the mechanisms of renal damage in T1D, two optional procedures are included in the study: 1) kidney biopsy procedure and 2) induction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to assess morphometrics and genetic expression of renal tissue.

Obesity is an epidemic in Western society and is the biggest risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The investigators have preliminary evidence showing that hyperbaric oxygen therapy rapidly increases insulin sensitivity in humans. This requires confirmation in a larger population, and with this study the investigators will also test for mechanisms how this occurs. The investigators suspect that modulation of hypoxia and stress response proteins following changes in tissue oxygenation may contribute to these improvements. This study has the potential to yield new and important insights into the insulin resistance in obesity.

Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, which is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol are transported in the system of lipoproteins, and the metabolism of these lipids in plasma is closely interrelated. Evidence suggests that increased concentration of very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) is a central pathophysiological feature of the lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in dyslipidemia. The primary objective of this study is to investigate VLDL-TG kinetics and hepatic insulin sensitivity in age-matched obese and lean, healthy men in the postabsorptive state and during acute hyperinsulinemia using VLDL-TG and glucose tracers.

Insulin resistance is a common condition that can lead to type 2 diabetes. One of the commonly prescribed diabetes medications, called rosiglitazone, works by decreasing insulin resistance. Rosiglitazone appears to work on fat cells. Animal studies suggest that rosiglitazone may work by increasing blood vessel growth in fat cells. The purpose of this research is to see if rosiglitazone also increases blood vessel growth in human fat cells. The investigators will compare results from before and after being on rosiglitazone for 6 weeks.