Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

This study will investigate the effect of high-carbohydrate vs. high-fat overfeeding (130% of energy requirements) on whole body insulin sensitivity. Following habitual diet, participants will be randomly allocated to either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet intervention for 14-days. On days 0, 7 and 14 participants will undergo anthropometric and metabolic testing (primarily an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]).

Obesity is a major health concern that has been associated with an estimated 2.8 million deaths worldwide each year. The number of individuals considered obese with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 has grown to more than 500 million. The increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity stems from a long list of comorbidities, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Bariatric surgery is an emerging intervention that has been used frequently to induce weight loss for obese individuals and it has been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in people at risk for type 2 diabetes. Surgery may also lead to healthy improvements in inflammation, immune cells and vascular health. It is already known that exercise and weight loss from lifestyle modification can improve glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and arterial stiffness. However, no work has been done to examine a combination of bariatric surgery and pre-surgery exercise. Recent work by the team has evidence demonstrating that health status pre-surgery has an impact on post-surgery outcomes. Such findings suggest that improvements in health status from exercise before surgery may improve surgery outcomes as well as surgery-induced health outcomes. To date, no study has systematically examined the role of exercise on the prevalence of surgery complications or on post-surgery weight loss, glycemic control, and insulin resistance. Moreover, no work currently exists on exercise, with or without bariatric surgery on adipose tissue derived inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pre-surgery lifestyle intervention with exercise on bariatric surgery outcomes. To test this objective, subjects will participate in a match paired study, based on BMI. Subjects will undergo testing of blood chemistry and related measures of health before (pre-test) and after (post) intervention. Then all subjects will receive bariatric surgery. Post surgery outcomes will be assessed by examining surgery operating time, changes in blood chemistry, adipose tissue biopsies and other measures indicative of glucose and vascular health. After this surgery, subjects will return for testing about 30d later.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting 415 million people worldwide, 90% of cases are type 2 which is frequently associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, insulin stimulates increased cell surface expression of a glucose transporter (GLUT4) in muscle and fat tissue. This prevents blood sugar levels becoming dangerously high by taking sugar into the muscle and fat cells. Loss of this response ('insulin resistance') frequently occurs before the development of type 2 diabetes. Understanding the cell biology of insulin resistance is necessary to develop more effective treatments for this condition and prevent further cases of type 2 diabetes. Previous work showed that this movement of GLUT4 is dependent on a small protein called Rab3 which is downregulated in insulin resistance. Rab3 protein levels are also sensitive to inflammation, a state that is exacerbated by obesity. In order to examine whether Rab3 is an early biomarker of insulin resistance, we aim to measure the levels of this protein and its interactors in fat and muscle samples from insulin resistant individuals. It has been shown that insulin sensitivity can be improved with an intervention as short as three weeks when net energy intake is sufficiently reduced. Therefore, by taking the same measurements before and after this three week intervention we can observe any improvements in Rab3 expression and insulin sensitivity at a cellular level. There is also evidence for an effect of the gut microbiome on insulin sensitivity so we will measure any changes that take place in the gut microbiome following this intervention, which can be determined from faecal samples taken before and after the three weeks.

There is some evidence to suggest that the timing of a meal intake directly impacts postprandial insulin and glucose responses, with meals consumed later during the day being more metabolically detrimental that the same meals consumed during the day. This information is particularly pertinent to the 16% of people employed in shift-work professions in Australia who have little choice but to eat during the late evening and overnight. The purpose of this study is to compare two effect of different meals or snacks (control vs test meal) on blood glucose and insulin at night time in healthy adults. This study will enable to develop suitable meals to consume at night time that can reduce the higher glucose and insulin responses that are a consequence of eating late into the night.

The main aim of the study is to collect preliminary information on the feasibility and efficacy of a time restricted eating intervention in Spanish children and adolescents with obesity and metabolic comorbidities. Two 8-week interventions will performed in a randomized crossover controlled design: a) reduction of the habitual eating window; b) standard care. Different measurements of body composition and cardiometabolic health markers will be performed along those weeks.

In obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), weight loss improves insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, resulting in improvement of clinical symptoms. Weight loss is not required in lean PCOS patients; nevertheless, the influence of meal timing and composition on glucose metabolism and hyperandrogenism may have clinical value. In this study the investigators investigate the effects of two isocaloric diets with different meal timing distribution on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in lean PCOS patients.

The primary aim of this study is to determine the effect of dopamine agonist therapy on insulin resistance in lean vs. obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic abnormality in women. The diagnosis of PCOS relies on a constellation of symptoms and signs (problems with ovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism and cystic ovaries). Though not a diagnostic feature, insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of PCOS and up to 80% women with PCOS have IR. Although IR is more significant in obese women with PCOS, even lean women can be insulin resistant. No current therapy addresses the problem of insulin resistance in PCOS. Studies have suggested a dopamine deficiency in patients with PCOS, which may underlie the insulin resistance and may have a pathogenetic role in the development of PCOS. No study to date has assessed the impact of dopamine agonist therapy on IR in patients with PCOS.

To asses the modulating properties of the cleaved pentapeptide product of GLP-1 amide.

In this research study, investigators will test the effects of an approved medication for diabetes,Liraglutide, to reduce insulin resistance that develops from eating a diet high in saturated fats.

It is well established that the resistance to the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism develops with a lot of stress hormone release after surgical trauma. This condition is known as insulin resistance (IR) characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and lactic acidosis. Surgical IR not only affect glucose metabolism but also influence protein synthesis, then further exacerbate the depletion of the carbohydrate, fat and protein. Postoperative pain is a challenging task for patients and surgeons, and it is part of the stress response to trauma and surgery, while the fear of pain can exacerbate the stress response. The main aim of this study was to invest whether effective postoperative analgesia can reduce the stress response and insulin resistance.