Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

24 children (12 African-American, Hispanic, or American Indian, 12 Caucasian) previously diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus will participate in this pilot study to evaluate the presence of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. The investigators will use this pilot information to test the hypothesis that insulin resistance occurs in some children with type 1 DM, is secondary to underlying risk factors, and is responsible for increased insulin needs. Methods will include a "step-up" hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and infusion of the stable isotope 6,6-[2H2]-glucose. Patient and parent interviews will be conducted to gather information about nutritional intake, ethnicity, family history, and socioeconomic status. The investigators will also measure inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids to determine whether they are associated with differences in insulin resistance among type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.

The investigators want to learn more about obesity, the development of insulin resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes in children. The investigators will do this through collecting information about children's health and conducting experiments on a variety of samples.

In this study the investigators hypothesize that pathological alterations in adipose tissue biology already occur during the development and progression of obesity in children and adolescents. The investigators aim to identify and characterize mechanisms and molecular targets that affect the development of adipose tissue and ensuing obesity in childhood and adolescence.

THE INSULIN RESISTANCE IN RECURRENT ABORTION

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk is high among South Asians which manifests itself at an early age. Studies have reported that unhealthy food choices, inadequate physical activity and lack of awareness on healthy lifestyle practices pose a huge threat to the increasing prevalence of metabolic abnormalities even at adolescence. In an earlier study conducted in 2006, reported that 68% of the children during their early adolescence had one or more of the cardiometabolic abnormalities such as obesity, central adiposity, increased blood pressure and presence of dysglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. The risk escalated with increasing weight. Therefore, it is imperative to sensitize the children on improving their lifestyle by conducting screening tests and health education programmes in schools by involving teachers. The Investigator have also shown in a study that teachers can be instrumental in imparting knowledge on the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes by promoting healthy behavioral changes. The proposed study will focus on a) changes in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors over a 10 year period b) health education programme to school children c) recommendations to school teachers (tool-kit) to inculcate improved lifestyle practices to their students.

The purpose of the study is to describe the molecular mechanisms related to an increased visceral fat mass and changed T-cell homeostasis. the project is expected to add new knowledge to the field of metabolic diseases after menopause and increase the focus of how lipid affects the development of metabolic disease in relation to the menopausal transition.

This study is designed to determine whether a person's sensitivity to their own insulin varies from the morning to the evening.

Metabolic syndrome (MS), comprised of central obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride (TG) and hypertension, results in markedly increased risk for cardiovascular disease in the general population. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) report recommended the use of five variables for the diagnosis of the MS including waist circumference (WC), serum TG concentration, serum HDL-C concentration, blood pressure and fasting glucose concentration. A waist circumference of 80 cm in women and 90 cm in men would better identify those with the MS in Asian populations. However, the studies of modified asian criteria of metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis (HD) patients are scarce. We will perform prevalence investigation, cross-sectional study, and prospective investigation for metabolic syndrome in our HD patients (around 360 at present). We will enroll all the patients who receive maintenance HD more than three months in our HD center. The patients who are hospitalizing, suffered from active malignancy, active infections, recent cardiovascular events and surgery will be excluded in the beginning of study. Biochemistry and anthropometric parameters including HDL-C, TG, insulin resistance index, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and WC will be collected and analyzed. We will also prospectively establish the mortality and hospitalization indices of these patients, to study the prognosis of HD patient with or without metabolic syndrome. This study will be helpful to understand whether the application of a modified criteria of metabolic syndrome in HD patients is capable to predict cardiovascular events, hospitalization and mortality rates.

Insulin resistance and disturbances in energy homeostasis are associated with body weight changes, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, cancer cachexia, aging, and acute or chronic infectious diseases. Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue and inflammatory cells play important roles in the pathological conditions. Several novel cytokines were disclosed recently, but their functions have not been well known. Further investigation of these cytokines, resulting in insulin resistance and energy homeostasis, is very important to elucidate the mechanisms and develop new therapeutic strategies.

The aim of this study was to investigate circulating concentrations of vaspin in fetal and neonatal samples from SGA, AGA and LGA with the respective insulin concentrations. Serum vaspin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 22 SGA and 30 LGA and 30 AGA singleton full-term fetuses and neonates on cord blood and postnatal day 5.