Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Pre-diabetes, a condition characterized by hyperglycaemia, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced life expectancy, as compared to the general population. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that plays a key role in cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism, and recently it has been demonstrated that AMPK regulates aging pathways, as well. AMPK is susceptible to modulation through pharmacologic (e.g. metformin) and non-pharmacologic (e.g. physical exercise) interventions. This clinical trial aims to describe the effects of the AMPK pathway on longevity genes and inflammation in the setting of pre-diabetes in vivo and in vitro. To this end, the investigators will compare treatment with metformin (500 mg t.i.d) for 2 months, versus placebo in pre-diabetic subjects. The investigators will assess expression of longevity genes SIRT1, p66Shc, p53 and mTOR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo. The investigators will evaluate monocyte polarization by flow cytometry, according to the expression of surface antigens (CD68, CCR2, CD163, CD206, CX3CR1) to determine the prevalence of pro- or anti-inflammatory cells. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, CCL12) will also be determined. In the in vitro study the investigators will evaluate the effects of AMPK activation or inhibition on longevity gene and protein expression.

Most new mothers in the United States will start off breastfeeding. For some mothers, despite following best practices, they are not able to meet their breastfeeding goals due to unexplained low milk supply. At the same time, nearly 1 in 4 new mothers are pre-diabetic (elevated blood sugar, but not yet diabetic). My progression of research suggests that the same metabolic factors causing pre-diabetes may also be causing low milk supply. Metformin is a widely prescribed drug to treat high blood sugar. This study is a preliminary, small scale randomized trial designed to test for a trend in the hypothesis that metformin is safe and potentially effective in treating low milk supply in insulin resistant and pre-diabetic mothers.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of insulin resistance reducing agents pre and post coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on post-operative blood glucose and oxidative stress regulation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a combined training programme and a high intensity interval training programme on insulin resistance, muscle strength/ muscle contractile properties, aerobic capacity and body composition in MS patients. It is assumed that the the above mentioned clinical parameters will improve due to physical exercise.

In animals, treatment with vitamin B3 improved insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism. It is currently not know if vitamin B3 has the same positive effects in humans. In the current study the effect of a 3 month treatment with vitamin B3 on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism in obese men will be investigated.

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of cholecalciferol treatment on inflammation and insulin resistance, in patients on hemodialysis that are previously treated with paricalcitol. Cholecalciferol is produced by the action of sunlight on a cholesterol precursor in the skin. This compound is then converted to calcidiol (25(OH) D3) in the liver, whereupon calcidiol is converted in the kidney to calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D. However, recently it has been shown that deficiency of either calcidiol or calcitriol is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and increased mortality in the general population. Furthermore, when both calcidiol and calcitriol were deficient, the mortality risk was much higher than the deficiency of either alone. A possible explanation is that some of the non-renal tissues might critically depend on the endogenous conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol and not on circulating levels of calcitriol. Thus, low circulating levels of calcidiol might be associated with tissue level functional calcitriol deficiency despite adequate circulating levels of calcitriol. Therefore, the hypothesis is that: In non-diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients treated with therapeutic doses of paricalcitol (an analog of calcitriol), calcidiol deficiency is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance and In calcidiol deficient, non-diabetic HD patients with inflammation and treated with therapeutic doses of paricalcitol, cholecalciferol will reverse the calcidiol deficiency and thereby, reduce inflammation and insulin resistance. Interleulin-6 (IL-6) is thought to play a central role in insulin resistance by down-regulating glucose transporter-4 messenger RNA. Furthermore, IL-6 levels are significantly negatively associated with calcidiol levels, therefore will be measured as the primary outcome.

Percutaneous neurostimulation of dermatome T7 increases Insulin segregation by the apancreas and improves glycemic profile in diabetic patients

The Metabolic Syndrome is a high prevalence disease worldwide. About a quarter of the adult population suffers the disease. Resveratrol is a substance found in many plants, including grapes, nuts and wine, but it's also found in Polygonum cuspidatum. There is evidence that resveratrol consumption has beneficial effects on glucose and lipids metabolism, blood pressure and body weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. The investigators hypothesis was that the administration of resveratrol modifies the metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.

Metabolic syndrome is a condition involving elevated levels of fat in the blood, a tendency towards diabetes, hypertension, and too much fat around the abdomen (an increased waistline). Individuals with metabolic syndrome often have impaired glucose tolerance, which is a condition where blood sugar is normal when fasting (before eating), but is too high after drinking a sugary drink. This is due to an abnormality in the body's sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance), which is due in part to an inability of the muscle to take up glucose. People with metabolic syndrome have inflammation in their fat tissue and in their blood stream, and the changes in the level of inflammatory chemicals produced by cells in your fat tissues will be studied. One possible source of the inflammation may be the bacteria in the intestine. When individuals eat fatty foods, some of the bacterial products become attached to the fat in their blood and then get directed to fat tissue. The investigators wish to determine whether individuals have an excessive amount of inflammation in their fat tissues, and whether this inflammation comes from the bacteria in their intestines. To determine this, the investigators wish to treat individuals with an antibiotic that reduces the bacteria in their intestines and in their blood, and determine whether this reduces their overall level of inflammation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-age women, and it affects 5-7% of this group. It is characterized by disturbed menstrual cycle, ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. Over 40% of PCOS women might become the patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. It has been confirmed that insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature in PCOS and adipokines might play roles in the pathogenesis of IR and PCOS, because these adipokines have wide-ranging effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The present clinical trial intends to compare the effects of metformin and oral contraceptives on PCOS patients, focusing on the insulin sensitivity, ovulation, and menstrual cycle etc. The investigators also aim to study the effects of metformin on serum adipokine levels(such as pigment epithelium-derived factor, progranulin etc.)in PCOS patients.