Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The prevalence of obesity in the developed world has increased markedly over the last 20 years. Considering the prevalence of obese and overweight adult subjects, and the fact that pregnancy itself induces a state of insulin resistance and inflammation, maternal obesity may be the most common health risk for the developing fetus. It is well established that what we eat has a major impact on our health. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that diet during pregnancy and lactation may be particularly important as not only does it influence the health of the mother, it may have a permanent effect on the health of her children and even her grandchildren. The concept that environmental factors, such as nutrition during early development, influence both our health span and lifespan has been termed the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. The objective of the study are: to compare subjects with frailty (condition developed with ageing) with controls and characterize the unhealthy aged condition with the measurements described below to examine if signs of frailty can be reversed by lifestyle induced modifications (exercise training programme) of its primary components (IR, sarcopenia, psychological profile) in offspring of overweight/obese (OOM) vs lean mothers (OLM). The study consists of 37 frail old subjects, age ≥ 65 sub-grouped in 17 OOM, and 20 OLM and 11 non frail controls. These subjects will be studied with positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) and ultra sounds (US). In addition functional MRI (fMRI) will be performed. Adipose tissue biopsies will be taken. Subjects will undergo characterization of biohumoral markers, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, imaging biomarkers (PET/CT, US, fMRI-MRS), genetic biomarkers (DNA and telomere damage) and inflammatory biomarkers (macrophage infiltration) before and after the 4-month lifestyle intervention period (physical exercise). By PET/CT it will be measured tissue-specific IR in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, myocardium and targeted brain regions. MRS will be used to measure organ steatosis in the skeletal muscle and liver, MRI will be used to measure fat masses in abdominal areas, and fMRI will be performed to assess activation in brain regions regulating cognition and appetite/energy control. US will be used to assess cardiovascular markers (IMT, strain and function).

Previous research has shown that indulging in 50% more calories than required for as little as 3 days can significantly impact markers of metabolic health in lean and overweight individuals. Here, the investigators will determine if 3 brief sessions of high-intensity interval training can mitigate the adverse consequences of 7 days high-fat overfeeding in sedentary, overweight males.

Our aim was to assess the effects of a hypocaloric diet, including diet fruit jelly with microencapsulated fish oil or conjugated linoleic acid or placebo, on anthropometry, body composition, insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with metabolic syndrome and genotype Pro12Pro in the PPAR gamma 2 gene.

The objectives of this randomized controlled trial are to compare insulin sensitivity following true acupuncture + placebo metformin (Group 1) vs sham acupuncture + placebo metformin (Group 2) vs sham acupuncture + metformin (Group 3) in women with PCOS and IR.

This research will investigate the effect of resveratrol on inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetic patients in vivo. The investigators will also investigate the hypothesis that resveratrol has an antioxidant activity, improves insulin sensitivity and lipid pattern, down-regulates bone-turnover.

This study investigated any potential associations between two isocaloric diets with different meal frequency (3 meals versus 6 meals) and glycemic control in people at high diabetes risk (lean and overweight/obese women with PCOS, individuals with hyperinsulinemia, individuals with impaired glucose tolerance) and diagnosed with diabetes.

Aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of Armolipid Plus on insulin sensitivity in patients with MetS and increased LV mass. 168 patients will be enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial and treated for 24 weeks.

Dietary strategies for alleviating the metabolic complications such as diabetes associated with obesity are actively being pursued as alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions The genus Vaccinium (e.g. blueberry, blaeberry, cranberry) has been used traditionally as a source of folk remedies for established diabetic symptoms, primarily as leaf or stem infusions or decoctions. Berries from this family such as blaeberry (BL) and blueberry (BB) are enriched in anthocyanins, polyphenolics recognized for their ability to provide and activate cellular antioxidant protection, inhibit inflammatory gene expression, and consequently protect against oxidant-induced and inflammatory cell damage and cytotoxicity. The association of obesity with adipose tissue stress, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory gene expression suggests that eating edible berries from this genus might provide an effective alternative or supplementary intervention to attenuate obesity- associated inflammation and the associated insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of anthocyanin supplementation in the form of a concentrated blaeberry extract on insulin resistance and inflammation particularly in the adipose tissue following a three week supplementation period.

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on the body's response to insulin (a hormone that controls blood sugar), on inflammation, and on specific cells and processes in fat tissue.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol (a compound containing a phenol functional group) that can be found in many plants. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of resveratrol on the action of insulin (a hormone produced in the body by the pancreas that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood), fat accumulation, and inflammation in the body.