Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Dementia (Alzheimer's Disease) is sometimes called "Type 3 Diabetes" because of the strong connection between Type 2 diabetes (a function of insulin resistance) with Dementia. The investigators therefore hypothesize that Reducing Insulin Resistance using Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (Exercise and Weight loss) + Metformin Treatment in Prediabetic & diet-control-only Diabetic overweight and mildly cognitively impaired individuals 55 years or older would lead to better Cognitive Function (compared to standard care) after 2 years. Subjects will be monitored and assessed using a battery of Cognitive and psychological tests and PET scans to demonstrate glucose utilization in the relevant areas of the brain. This 3-year open-label study aims to recruit 360 subjects with 50% (180 subjects) randomized to receiving Intensive lifestyle intervention with Metformin (if diabetic) vs the other 50% who would receive only the usual standard level of care in the primary care setting.

Massive pediatric burns are associated with a persistent and sustained hypermetabolic response characterized by elevated levels of circulating catecholamine's, cortisol, and glucagon's, which can cause extreme muscle wasting, immunodeficiency, and delay in wound healing. Insulin and metformin have demonstrated anabolic activity with minimal associated side effects. However, it is unknown whether the beneficial effects arise from tight euglycemic control or direct effect of insulin action. We hypothesize that during acute hospitalization, administration of metformin at a dose titrated to maintain blood glucose between 80-180 mg/dl will accelerate wound healing and recovery in children with severe thermal injury and will have beneficial long-term effects on muscle strength, immune function, and wound healing.

The purpose of this study is examine the effect of fat tissue-released miRNA on skeletal muscle and if abnormal fat tissue-released miRNA contributes to insulin resistance in obese individuals. This information will be important for our understanding of how the body's sugar metabolism is regulated and why people who are obese become insulin resistant and are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate 1) the incidence of insulin resistance (a pre-diabetic state) in patients with pulmonary hypertension, and 2) test the utility of a validated PH therapy (Tracleer) versus Pioglitazone in the treatment of those patients found to have insulin resistance.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of resveratrol (plant derived food supplement) on inflammatory mediators and insulin resistance at the cellular and molecular level in obese non diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects in vivo.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Cinnamon from the Cassae Plant is effective in the body as insulin could lower blood sugar levels.

Based in a surgery technique studied in a non-obese diabetic mouse model by Rubino and Marescaux(2004), wich reversed diabetes in those animals, we have performed a previous study in human volunteers with type 2 diabetes and overweight (non-obese). The surgery is a duodenal exclusion in wich the stomach volume is kept intact. We observed improvement of glycemic control and hemoglobin A1c, allied to reduction of medicines: insulin was withdrawn or significantly lowered. Further improvement of diabetes could be achieved by intervention in insulin resistance, another factor of diabetes pathophysiology. As that factor is related to visceral fat, we hypothesize that surgical removal of the major omentum, a great component of central adiposity, could beneficial . This study will evaluate the mechanisms of amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus after duodenal exclusion surgery plus total omentectomy, by the method of standardized meal stimulus and insulin tolerance test, in human non-obese volunteers with diabetes type 2 and known insulin secretion capacity. The previously studied volunteers submitted to duodenal exclusion without omentectomy will be the control group.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age and despite decades of research the etiology the disorder is not known. The characteristic hyperandrogenism and anovulation is associated with abnormal neuroendocrine function and insulin resistance. Obesity is a common correlated phenotype of Polycystic ovary syndrome and weight gain worsens the reproductive and metabolic complications. Currently there is no evidence-based treatment plan for infertility in Polycystic ovary syndrome; yet weight loss by dietary restriction and regular exercise are strongly advocated. Weight loss and increased insulin sensitivity appear to drive improvements in reproductive outcomes in women with Polycystic ovary syndrome; however, the mechanism connecting these changes with the reproductive axis is not fully understood.

30 non-diabetic, non-obese patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease will be asked to participate in this metabolic study. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effect of rosiglitazone on insulin resistance in non-obese patients with non-diabetic stage 4 CKD. Secondary end points are the effects on inflammation (hsCRP), lipid profile, bone density and body composition.

The long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms of intestinal nutrient sensing and signal relays to insulin sensitive tissues (adipose, skeletal muscle, liver) in humans. The investigators hypothesize that human tissue biopsies (from obese surgery and non-surgery subjects as well as lean controls) can be used to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal nutrient sensing and signal relay in humans. The investigator will obtain tissue specimens from patients during scheduled upper endoscopies, colonoscopies and scheduled metabolic and bariatric surgeries or liver transplantation. A blood sample (4mL) will be obtained concurrent with these procedures. From metabolic and bariatric surgery subjects blood and tissues (liver, adipose, small intestine, omentum, skeletal muscle) can be collected at the time of surgery. From liver transplantation patients, excised liver tissue will be collected. Stool can be obtained preoperatively and at various time points after surgery. Some bariatric surgery subjects will participate in a mixed-meal tolerance test at their pre-operative visit and several post-operative visits to compare the whole-body metabolic alterations following bariatric procedures.