Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Prolonged fasting may increase the organic response to trauma. Carbohydrate-based drinks have been tested and they may reduce insulin resistance. No study so far has aimed to examine the possible benefits of whey protein drink in the composition of preoperative drinks.

The investigators will use exercise training and weight loss to discover localized lipid species related to diabetes risk in people.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development and progression of chronic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic chronic renal disease, cardiovascular events) in patients with type 1 diabetes treated from the onset of the disease with recommended method of intensive insulin therapy. All patients attended a five-day structured training program during first hospitalization and re-education once year during the observation. After five years of observation and next - once a year chronic complications are assessed. The investigators would like to evaluate also the relationship of the management of the disease, knowledge about the treatment and diabetes, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers with development and progression of chronic complications.

Insulin is crucial to help the body metabolize ('burn') sugar (glucose). Even though juvenile (type 1) diabetes (T1D) is primarily due to the lack of insulin, patients with T1D tend to become less sensitive to insulin, particularly during adolescence. The overall objective of this project is to gain further insight into the possible benefits of supplementation with glutamine (GLN), a natural dietary amino acid, enhancing insulin sensitivity in adolescents with T1D. To elucidate the impact of glutamine, the investigators will use a method called the 'euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp': it consists of giving an IV drip of insulin, while the drop in blood sugar is prevented by giving variable, precisely measured amounts of glucose by vein: the amount of glucose required to prevent a drop in blood sugar reflects the body's sensitivity to insulin. The investigators will also give an IV drip of glucose and arginine (a building block of protein) 'tagged' with non-radioactive isotopes to better understand how glutamine may work. This procedure will be performed in 2 groups of 10 adolescents in the morning either after a strenuous exercise performed the previous afternoon (group 1; n=10), or after a sedentary day (group 2; n=10). Each subject will be studied twice, once after taking oral GLN, once after placebo, in separate clinical research center (CRC) admissions a few weeks apart, in random order. Should the investigators hypothesis prove to be true, it would warrant long term studies to determine whether sustained dietary GLN supplementation can decrease insulin requirements and ultimately improve diabetes control in teenagers with T1DM, If successful, this approach could potentially have a significant positive impact in terms of adolescent health.

Background: - Insulin receptor mutation causes high blood sugars and sometimes diabetes complications. Researchers want to see if thyroid hormone helps. Objectives: - To see if thyroid hormone treatment changes how the body handles sugar in people with insulin receptor mutation and improves blood sugar in people with diabetes. Eligibility: - People ages 12 65 with an insulin receptor mutation. Design: Study part 1:19-day clinic stay. Participants will be monitored for 4 days. Then for 15 days they will take a thyroid hormone pill 3 times a day. Participants will have: Blood tests. Heart rate and skin temperature monitored. All their food provided. Two 5-hour sessions in a special room. They will wear special clothes and sometimes sit still. Two small tubes inserted in veins. One will deliver tiny amounts of sugar and fat with a non-radioactive tracer. Participants will also drink water with a tracer. The other tube will collect blood. A sweet drink. Participants may have finger stick blood sugar tests. Glucose-monitoring device inserted into body fat for two 24-hour periods. Adults may have samples of fat and muscle taken. Heart ultrasound. PET-CT scan in a machine. An intravenous catheter will be placed in an arm vein. A small amount of radioactive substance will be injected. DEXA scan of body fat and bone density. Participants with poorly controlled diabetes will then take thyroid hormone at home for 6 months. They will have blood drawn and sent to the study team monthly. After about 3 months, they will have an overnight visit. After 6 months, they will have a 4-day visit.

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether MICARDIS® improves insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese, non-diabetic, normotensive subjects.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the link between insulin resistance and alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial redox homeostasis

The purpose of this study is to look at how insulin (a hormone that helps the cells get energy from sugar) in our body affects blood vessels (elasticity in the bigger blood vessels and blood flow in the smaller blood vessels in the arm) and how Metformin (a drug that makes you more sensitive to insulin) affects insulin's action on the blood vessels.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether microbiome modulation and an experimental reduction in plasma LPS concentration improve inflammation and insulin action in insulin resistant (obese and T2DM) subjects.

Recent data suggest that the trillions of bacteria in the investigators gastrointestinal tracts (gut microbiota) can function as an environmental factor that modulates the amount of body fat. Obese individuals have an altered gut microbiota and germ-free mice are resistant to developing diet-induced obesity and have lower fasting insulin and glucose and improved glucose tolerance. Administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus strain in fermented milk for 12 weeks reduced adiposity and body weight in obese adults, possibly by reducing lipid absorption and inflammatory status. However, there are no studies to the investigators knowledge that address whether probiotic supplementation improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients.