Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The purpose of this pilot study is to find out what eating meals in a short time period early in the day (time-restricted feeding) versus eating meals spread out during the day (grazing) does to the body's ability to control blood sugar and to the health of its blood vessels. The investigators hypothesize that time-restricted feeding will be more effective at improving glucose tolerance and vascular condition (inflammation and micro- and macro-vascular function) than grazing.

This study will examine whether hesperidin, a major component of citrus fruits, affects how the body responds to insulin in healthy and obese people. Laboratory studies suggest that hesperidin treatment lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar and increases blood flow. This study will see if hesperidin improves insulin resistance or insulin's effects on blood flow in people with insulin resistance. Healthy normal weight or overweight people between 21 and 65 years of age may be eligible for this study. Participants are randomly assigned to take hesperidin or a placebo (inactive dummy pill ) for a 4-week treatment phase.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the long-term (24 weeks) effects of coffee consumption on insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant individuals.

Studies of the human gut microbiome have suggested that treatment or prevention aimed at the obese microbiome could influence the development of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The objective of this project is to explore if a dietary intervention in 60 obese women with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19 or flax seed fibres targeting the gut microbiome, can reduce insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation or dyslipidaemia, and to explore the interaction between the human genome and the gut microbiome. The study is based on the following hypotheses: Treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19 and flax seed fibres will lower the metabolic risk profile in the intervention groups compared with placebo. The effect on the metabolic risk markers can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiota (measured in faeces). After completion of the dietary intervention, the participants are offered a 10-week weight reduction program. Those who participate in the weight-loss program are invited to an optional follow-up visit in connection with the last visit at the clinical dietician, for the purpose of exploring the effect of weight loss on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that puts individuals at risk for serious health problems like heart disease, kidney failure, vision problems, and stroke. A major way that type 2 diabetes occurs is through insulin resistance. Insulin resistance means that insulin (an important hormone in the body to keep blood sugar normal) isn t working as well as it should, which can lead to problems with high blood sugar. Insulin resistance has been linked to mood problems, stress, and depression, especially in women. To determine if group programs can help reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes, researchers want to look at teenage girls who are at risk for developing the disease. Objectives: To test whether a group program designed to improve mood also can help improve insulin resistance in teenage girls who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes, or whether a group program that teaches healthy living skills is just as helpful. Eligibility: Teenage girls between 12 and 17 years of age who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Design: Participants will have two screening visits to find out if they are eligible to take part in the study. The first visit takes about 3 hours and will involve a physical exam, medical history, questionnaires and an interview about mood problems and possible depression. The second visit takes about 6 hours and will involve a full body scan to measure muscle and fat, blood draws and a glucose test to determine insulin resistance, questionnaires about general well-being and eating habits, eating meals and snacks, and an exercise test. Participants will join one of two group programs at the National Institutes of Health. One group focuses on learning skills to help with bad moods and stress. The other group covers topics that are important for teens to lead a healthy life. The groups will meet for 1 hour once a week for 6 weeks during after-school hours. At the end of the groups, participants will have three follow-up visits. The first visit will be 6 weeks later, the second will be 6 months after the start of the group program, and the third will be 1 year after the start of the group program. Each visit will take about 6 hours. These visits are similar to the second screening visit before the groups. Some participants will have extra tests to study stress at the second screening visit and the 6-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Participants will give samples of DNA, saliva to measure stress hormones, and they will take part in a brief stress test. For more information, visit the study website at: http://mir.nichd.nih.gov or contact the research coordinators for the study at 301-594-3198.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats reduces fatty liver and improves insulin action and other metabolic variables in abdominally obese subjects

The investigators wish to determine whether a short period of exercise training (5-10 days) improves the metabolic and cardiovascular response of people with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes to eating a meal. In healthy people, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases after eating a meal, and this helps to regulate blood sugar levels by delivering blood sugar to muscles where it can be stored or metabolized. In people with or at risk of type 2 diabetes, blood flow does not increase as much after eating a meal, and this may contribute to elevated blood sugar concentrations observed in these individuals. The investigators wish to determine whether exercise can improve this response.

The investigators' project has as for principal objective to understand the impact of trans fatty acids from dairy products and industrial origin on the development of insulin resistance in obese woman. Because of the different isomeric position of the double bound those trans fatty acids may have different metabolic effects.

Sirtuin activators may prove useful in treating age-related diseases and extending lifespan in humans. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol found in red wine, has been shown in vitro to enhance SIRT1 activity. RSV is associated with some of the beneficial effects of red wine or the "French Paradox". Recently RSV has been associated with increasing lifespan in mice on a high calorie diet and improved metabolic profile and activity levels. The effect of this small molecule in humans is unknown. Preclinical observations suggest that RSV is safe and has enormous potential in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in humans. This pilot study will examine the effect of RSV on improving the metabolic profile of adults with insulin resistance. Specifically, this randomized double blind placebo controlled study will examine the effects of 4 weeks of supplementation with RSV 5.0 grams daily, compared to placebo control (PC) on the metabolic profile of 36 men and women over the age of 50 with insulin resistance (IR) consuming a typical western diet consisting of at least 40% calories from fat.

Major burn injury causes significant insulin resistance on glucose and protein metabolism that persists for up to 6 months after the acute injury This project proposes to answer the following questions: Will fenofibrate given to burn patients with insulin resistance restore their insulin sensitivity? What is the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle tissue as the causative mechanism of burn related insulin resistance? To what extent will the restored insulin sensitivity affect glucose and protein metabolism in muscle, regenerating wounds and the liver, i.e. ameliorate burn related hyperglycemia and protein catabolism?