Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

Background: Exercise has been proven to effectively reduce incidence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. However, there is controversial data from prior studies to inform the type of exercise training recommendations. Aim: The aim of this study will determine the differences of different type of exercise in the effects of reducing insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue for community residents. Methods: The four-arm randomized controlled trial will conducted in adults aged 40 to 70 years old in Tainan. A total of at least 177 patients will randomly assign to the group of aerobic exercise (AE), aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise (RE), AE combined with medium intensity interval training, and placebo. The participants in exercise group will received 12 weeks, 3 times per week program, including twice a week intervention guided by the intervenors, and once a week exercise guided by the video at home. All the exercise keeps moderate-intensity by monitoring with 64%-75% of the maximum heart rate. Insulin resistance status will be checked by HOMA index at baseline and at exercise intervention after 12 weeks (HOMA index= insulin μU/mL）× glucose（mmol/L）/22.5). Relevance to clinical practice: The research findings will help the clinical health works to know which type of exercise is the best choice in reducing insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in community residents, and can be promoted to the general public to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as prevent the root causes of ill health.

Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) are a good source of health enhancing hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, rheosmin, potassium, carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin K1. Compared to other berries commonly consumed in the US, the health benefits of red raspberries to improve pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and type 2 diabetes have never been explored. The clinical study proposed in this project seeks to investigate the protective effect of whole red raspberries against insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in PDM and type 2 diabetic patients. The in vitro study proposed in the project will assist in identifying the molecular mechanisms by which whole red raspberry protect islet cells against oxidative stress, insulin resistance and loss of cell function.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is no current data about the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) about important factors, such as the energy intake, appetite and its relationship in people with insulin resistance when tasting sweet. It is highly relevant to compare the effects of NNS intake, such as, stevia (steviol glycosides) and D-tagatose, previous to a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on glycaemic and C-peptide responses in women with insulin resistance. Objective: To compare the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners intake: stevia (steviol glyco-sides) and sucralose previous to OGTT on appetite, glycemia and C-peptide plasmatic concentrations in women with insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-three women with T2DM were studied in 3 different moments and they received 3 treatments: pre-load of water or D-tagatose or stevia and then offered to consume a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were obtained to measure the dependent variables, glycemic at times -10, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes and C-peptide at times -10, 30, 90, 120 and 180 minutes. The analogue visual scale questionnaires (VAS) was conducted every 30 minutes in order to obtain the results of the depend variables: appetite and wish of specific type of food in a subjective way; appetite, satiety, relax, wish to eat any food, craving for something sweet, craving for something salty, something tasty, something fatty. Through food provided ad libi-tum (objective appetite), were obtained the results of: energy, carbohydrates, proteins and lipid intakes. The statistical analysis applied included the Shapiro-Wilk's Normality test, repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences among treatments, Friedman's test followed by Wilcoxon test corrected by Bonferroni as needed. The degree of association between variables was conducted using the Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient tests, as requested. A probability value p <0.05 was considered significant.

This study intends to examine the effect of a commercially available nutritional supplement, Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate(HMB) on whole-body responses to a sugar load.

This study is expected to provide novel data regarding potential structural and functional changes of the thyroid gland in morbidly obese adults following significant weight loss through bariatric surgery. These data will complement evidence from epidemiological studies regarding the association of obesity and alterations in thyroid function. Potentially this study may justify further longer-term studies regarding the effects of weight gain and/or weight loss on the morphology of the thyroid gland and could help to form recommendations regarding follow-up investigations for the thyroid in morbidly obese patients.

Main scientific question: A previous intervention with an anti-inflammatory multifunctional dietary portfolio (MFD) showed remarkable reductions in cardiometabolic (CM) risk markers compared with a well-designed control diet. The study was performed under weight maintenance conditions in healthy subjects in a 4w crossover design (Tovar et al., 2012). MFD consumption also resulted in improved cognitive performance after 4 weeks (Nilsson et al., 2013). The present project will further study the preventive potential of MFD, using its unique properties for identification of new biomarkers and to evaluate the potential role of alterations in the gut microbiota. MFD will be tested in healthy at risk subjects in a randomized parallel design in an eight-week intervention with the test or control diet, respectively, allowing for weight loss. Assessment of standard anthropometric/biochemical markers of CM risk, metabolomics analysis and appetite regulating hormone evaluation are also planned. Associations between the gut microbiota composition and measures of CM risk are also included. The project provides unique opportunities to identify mechanisms for the metabolic impact of MFD, for further exploitation in innovative food and/or dietary concepts. Central hypothesis: The CM-preventive potential of MFD may be boosted in a medium-term trial under conditions allowing for body weight reduction. Expected additional benefits may be recorded as reduced values for conventional CM-related parameters, markers of modified gut microbiota composition and specific changes in blood metabolite profiles. Objectives: To further improve the effect of MFD on biochemical/anthropometric CM risk markers in healthy subjects by administering the diet under conditions allowing for weight reduction. To identify MFD-related changes in the gut microbiota associated with improved CM risk markers. To assess MFD-related modification in metabolic pathways, studied with a metabolomics approach, and to correlate them with conventional clinical outcomes, aiming to identify new markers of altered metabolic risk.

The purpose of this study is to look at how a reduction in oxygen levels (hypoxia) influences insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate metabolism. It is expected that 10 nights of exposure to moderate hypoxia (~ 15% O2, similar to conditions at an altitude of ~7500 feet) will improve glucose metabolism.

The Health Influences of Puberty (HIP) Study is designed to explore the relationships between puberty and the onset of type 2 diabetes in adolescents. The results of this study will help us better understand how to prevent type 2 diabetes in these youth. Children go through many changes during puberty, including important hormonal and behavioral alterations. Among these changes, it has long been known that, during puberty, insulin does not work as well as it does before and after puberty. This is called physiologic insulin resistance. In healthy children, this does not cause diabetes or affect blood sugar in any way because the body is able to compensate by making more insulin. Indeed, this is thought to be an important part of the adolescent growth spurt. However, in some children with increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes due to obesity and genetics, the worsening insulin resistance of puberty cannot be compensated for and these youth get diabetes early. The investigators believe this is because type 2 diabetes is rarely, if ever, seen before puberty begins, and the peak of diabetes onset in adolescents occurs at the time of the worst insulin resistance. This specific research project has two goals: 1. To examine effects of obesity on how well the body's insulin works during puberty, and 2. To see if treatment of obese children during this critical period of puberty with a medication that improves insulin resistance (metformin) will help prevent early onset type 2 diabetes.

This study is to evaluate the effects of preoperative carbohydrate intake on perioperative neuroinflammation and development of delirium.

Insulin resistance is a state where the body does not respond as it should to the insulin it produces. Individuals who are insulin resistant are at increased risk of both heart disease and type 2 diabetes; importantly, diabetes more than doubles the risk of heart disease, independent of other recognised risk factors. Interventions that prevent or reverse insulin resistance may help to attenuate risk of heart disease and diabetes. A number of randomised controlled trials provide proof of concept evidence regarding a beneficial effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk markers but experts have stated that further studies are required. Importantly, these studies should use appropriate endpoints, provide a high enough dose of vitamin D to optimise vitamin D status, and they should be conducted in clearly defined populations, The vitamin D trial we propose addresses these issues and aims to evaluate a potentially straightforward and low cost health care intervention for populations at highrisk of heart disease and diabetes. Specifically, this study would provide clinically relevant information on the metabolic effects of optimising vitamin D status in these high risk patients. This has clear economic and social implications given the current, and projected, burden of heart disease and diabetes. This study will investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease using the gold standard euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp method.