Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The purpose of this study is to determine how a decline in physical activity acutely leads to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The hypothesis is that the loss of insulin sensitivity following physical inactivity is caused by a rapid reduction in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity.

The purpose of this study is to perform a randomized, controlled clinical trial to investigate if the phosphate binder sevelamer can improve insulin resistance and glucose handling in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.

Chromium is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of normal glucose tolerance and its deficiency causes insulin resistance. Chromium administration has also been shown in several studies to lower glucose and insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, we propose to perform a placebo-controlled study of chromium picolinate administration in a cohort of non-obese, non-diabetic, insulin resistant subjects. These subjects will be randomized to 16 weeks of therapy with either 500 mcg twice a day of Chromium or placebo.

Community based participatory research principles will be used to create, implement and evaluate a culturally relevant and age-appropriate obesity intervention for adolescents who are overweight or obese. The intervention will be implemented through school-based health centers (SBHC) and will include clinical encounters with SBHC providers, use of Motivational Enhancement Therapy to help overweight/obese adolescents adopt healthier behaviors, and use of a community advisory council to develop obesity risk reduction strategies that will be delivered by print and digital video disc (DVD) media. To test efficacy of the ACTION intervention, overweight/obese adolescents will be recruited to either the intervention condition or the usual care condition. Students will have pre- and post- intervention measurements to assess if adolescents in the intervention condition will have improved risk factor profile for metabolic syndrome, improved nutrition and increased physical activity when compared with students in the usual care condition.

Diet and nutrition play an essential role in the development and the clinical expression of the most common health problems. Overeating and obesity induce oxidative stress, which has been proposed to be a pathogenic mechanism leading to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated cardiovascular complications. The main objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the beneficial effects of polyphenolic compounds derived from red grape marc extracts on the cascade of events leading from overeating to oxidative stress and insulin resistance. For that, we will study free radicals production, inflammatory markers, adipokines, mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity and energy substrate utilization in healthy volunteers at risk for insulin resistance and T2D (1st degree relatives of T2D patients with associated overweight). These volunteers will be randomized between a placebo and a polyphenol group for 9 weeks. The demonstration of the beneficial effects of polyphenols will be sensitized by high-fructose feeding for the last 6 days of the protocol.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and body composition in relation to secterion and expression of adipocytokines. Obese subjects undergo 6 months hypocaloric diet and, before, during and at the end of the diet, plasma samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples are obtained for subsequent analysis. In addition, body composition and insulin resistance are measured before and during the diet.

This study will examine whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, affects how the body responds to insulin in healthy and obese people. Insulin is not as effective in people who are overweight, have high blood pressure or diabetes. This condition is known as insulin resistance. Laboratory studies suggest that green tea or EGCG treatment lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar and increases blood flow. This study will see if EGCG improves insulin resistance or insulin's effects on blood flow in people with insulin resistance. Healthy normal weight or overweight people between 21 and 65 years of age may be eligible for this study. Participants are randomly assigned to take EGCG or a placebo ( inactive dummy pill ) in two 4-week treatment phases with a 2-week period of no study medication before each treatment phase. After the first 4-week treatment, patients on placebo are switched to EGCG and those on EGCG are switched to placebo. In addition to treatment, participants undergo the following procedures during the study period: Screening, including medical history, physical examination and blood and urine tests, and finger-stick blood sugar measurement for patients with diabetes Complete a dietary and physical activity questionnaire and consult with a dietitian Blood and urine tests At-home and clinic blood pressure monitoring Glucose clamp test to measure how the body responds to insulin. This test is done three times during the study. A needle is placed in a vein in each of the subject's arms, one for sampling blood and the other for infusing insulin, glucose and potassium. Glucose and insulin levels, electrolytes, lipids, fatty acids, cytokines and epicatechin are measured. Forearm blood flow measurement with microbubbles and ultrasound. Before beginning the glucose clamp test, a test of how well the blood vessels relax is done. A device that measures the size of the artery in the upper arm is placed above the elbow. Blood flow in the muscle of the forearm is measured by ultrasound using a small infusion through a vein of microbubble contrast agent consisting of gas-filled bubbles the size of red blood cells. The contrast agent is infused over a 7- to 9-minute period at the beginning of the glucose clamp test and again 2 hours after the beginning of the test.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Insulin Resistance (IR) among overweight and obese adolescents using HOMA-IR scores and identify lifestyle risk factors in the IR and Non-IR group.

Investigators will test the hypothesis that chronic restoration of vagal nerve activity with a central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adipose tissue oxidation in obese African American Women compared to white women.

Resistance to the hypoglycemic action of insulin develops within 7 days of bedrest in young, healthy volunteers. We propose that the same event occurs in elderly individuals confined to bed, that alterations in lipid metabolism are, at least in part, responsible for the insulin resistance associated with bedrest, and that the accumulation of intracellular triglyceride (TG) in liver and muscle will play a role in impairing insulin action. Further, we propose that the PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha) agonist fenofibrate will increase tissue fatty acid disposal by activating mitochondrial oxidative capacity, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. We will investigate a series of specific hypotheses designed to examine the role of altered lipid metabolism in the development of insulin-resistance associated with bedrest. Further, since inactivity is likely a principal factor in the development of insulin resistance in the elderly, the response to the inactivity imposed by bedrest represents an acceleration of the normal development of insulin resistance in elderly individuals. Therefore, the results of this study will also be pertinent to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the natural development of insulin resistance in free-living elderly.