Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

In this study the investigators want to compare glucose handling (insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity) in 100 persons with low and 50 persons with normal-high levels of vitamin D, using a hyperglycemic clamp technique, were sugar is given intravenously for 3 hours in order to keep the blood sugar level at 10 mmol/L. Those with low vitamin D levels will be randomized to treatment with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 40 000 IU/week or placebo for 6 months before a new clamp is performed. The study hypothesis is that persons with low vitamin D levels have impaired glucose handling which might be improved by vitamin D supplementation.

Clearly the effects of diet and exercise are beneficial for obese persons, but the underlying mechanisms for the improvements in metabolic health are not completely clear. Although mounting evidence suggests that alterations in lipid metabolism in persons with abdominal obesity are associated with a several medical complications, including diabetes, little is known about the factors responsible for this effect. The project in this application is designed to examine how the addition of endurance exercise training to a weight-loss program alters whole-body fatty acid availability, uptake, and oxidation as well as the expression of cellular factors that regulate these processes. In addition, we will evaluate whether these alterations are associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. In the end, these experiments will provide insight into the cellular and whole-body adaptations in fatty acid metabolism in response to weight-loss and exercise training that may lead to enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Identifying relationships between gene expression, whole-body fatty acid metabolism and clinical outcome measurements, such as insulin sensitivity, may lead to improvements in the therapeutic and/or the preventative approach to obesity and its co-morbidities.

This clinical, randomized, cross-over study in obese healthy subjects aimed to analyse the acute effects of the incretin hormon Glucose Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) on metabolic parameters and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Lifestyle and genetic factors interact in the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial dietary modifications are, however, unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of the long-term 30 moderate weight reduction on gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) and to identify genes and gene clusters responsive to treatment and thereby likely contributing to the development of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, randomized controlled and individualized weight reduction and physical exercise intervention was conducted. In the WR group, glucose metabolism improved that was not seen in other groups. Moreover, an inverse correlation between the change in SI and the change in body weight was found (r =-0.44, p=0.026). Down-regulation of gene expression (p<0.01) involving gene ontology groups of extracellular matrix, cell death was seen. Such changes did not occur in the other groups.

The purpose og this study is to investigate the effects of growth hormon on insulin signalling pathways and the temporal association between administration of GH and developing of insulin resistance.

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A unifying theme has emerged over the past few years suggesting that lipid oversupply to metabolic organs responsible for glucose regulation leads to insulin resistance. Fitting with this, we and others have shown that increased lipid accumulation within skeletal muscle and/or liver is associated with impaired glucose uptake. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate changes in muscle lipid metabolism are not yet known. The overall aim of this project is to examine metabolic effects of experimental weight gain in lean and overweight individuals with and without a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. We hypothesise that lean subjects will increase fatty acid oxidation and upregulate mitochondrial oxidative capacity in muscle following overfeeding to protect against body weight gain and insulin resistance, but overweight subjects with a genetic predisposition to T2DM will have a defect in this ability.

We hypothesized that short-term treatment with haloperidol induces insulin resistance through a mechanistic route that is independent of weight gain. We therefore treated healthy non-obese men with haloperidol for 8 days, and studied the impact of these intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, isotope dilution technology and indirect calorimetry.

Testosterone(T) has known effects on many organ systems, although many of its metabolic actions are unrevealed. T is an anabolic hormone stimulating protein synthesis but this effect has barely been investigated in controlled studies. It also has lipolytic actions influencing body composition, but little is known of its regional impact on fat tissue. T affects insulin sensitivity. There is an increased incidence of hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes, and among patients with hypogonadism there is an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. The actions of testosterone on glucose metabolism are unknown. The purpose of this study is therefore to: Investigate the lipolytic effect of testosterone on muscle and fat tissue. To gain insight in the intracellular mechanisms of testosterone on lipolysis and investigate possible regional differences in lipolysis and changes in body composition. Finally to investigate the effect of short term experimental hypogonadism and acute testosterone substitution on cytokines, insulin sensitivity and protein metabolism. The trial is a randomised double blinded cross-over study of 4 x 2 days with an interval of 1 month in between. 12 healthy young men will receive GnRH treatment over a 3 month period and examined on 4 occasions with various degrees of T substitution and placebo . The examinations take place at the Research Lab within the Medical Department M. The investigations are deemed relevant to the understanding of the interrelationship between male hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis is that T has beneficial effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The generated knowledge would therefore hopefully improve prophylaxis, screening and early treatment of both group of patients.

The present study on pharmacological intervention in autonomic nervous dysregulation(parasympathetic dysfunction,) regarding insulin resistance, is a concept testing in humans tohelp identify potential new pharmacological target sites in the central nervous system.

The use of energy from food changes when people sleep. However, it is still not known if differences in the amount of nighttime sleep have an effect on the amount of energy that people who have a relative with type 2 diabetes (parent, sibling, or grandparent) use to perform their daily activities. This study is being done to test the hypothesis that the daily use of energy in people who have a history of type 2 diabetes in their family will be different after they have slept short hours for 16 days in comparison to when they have slept longer hours for 16 days.