Active clinical trials for "Brain Edema"

The study is a two-center prospective cohort clinical trial. The primary purpose of this trial is to identify the pattern of DKK2 serum levels in ischemic stroke patients after revascularization therapy and determine the correlation between serum DKK2 levels and prognosis.

When the brain detects a drop in oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia) there is a compensatory increase in blood flow. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a cluster of symptoms which commonly occur in those ascending to high altitude and experiencing hypoxia due to increased blood flow and then swelling in the brain. Symptoms include headache, nausea, insomnia and fatigue. The exact mechanisms by which AMS develops remains poorly understood. Dexamethasone has been shown to reduce the risk of developing significant brain swelling in other settings. Therefore we hypothesise that administering low dose Dexamethasone could protect against hypoxia induced cerebral and spinal oedema.

Aim: The investigators aim to evaluate the effect of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on neurologic outcome in post-cardiac arrest (CA) patients treated with target temperature management (TTM). Methods: This is a prospective single-center study conducted from May 2020 to November 2021 on patients who have been treated with TTM following CA. The propensity score matching is proceeded between the lumbar CSF drainage and non-lumbar CSF drainage groups. The good outcome group is defined as a Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC) scale 1 or 2, and the poor outcome group as a CPC between 3 and 5. Lumbar CSF drainage is initiated when intracranial pressure (ICP) exceeded 15 mmHg in the absence of noxious stimuli at the rate of 10~20 ml/h via a lumbar drainage catheter until ICP is less than 15 mmHg. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is obtained between 72-96 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to evaluate the effect of lumbar CSF drainage on attenuation of brain swelling through quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier models are built to identify the effect of CSF drainage on the neurologic outcome improvement.

Background: Recanalization strategies have radically changed the outcome in a significant part of stroke patients. The unpredictable occurrence of cerebral edema (CE) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) are frequent events in patients affected by ischemic stroke, even when an effective vessel recanalization has been achieved. These complications, related with blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, remain difficult to prevent or treat, and antagonize the beneficial effect of successful recanalization, leading to poor outcome. Aim: to shed light on the reperfusion injury biological bases, this study aims at evaluating the effects of circulating and imaging biomarkers in relation to CE and HT both in stroke patients and in a coherent murine stroke model. A close interaction between clinical and preclinical research could lead to a broader understanding of the results deriving from the individual lines of activity, allowing a deeper interpretation of the underlying phenomena. Methods: The clinical setting is a retrospective observational study enrolling consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation territory, treated with reperfusion therapies, at Careggi University Hospital in Florence (Italy) from October 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020. In this cohort, the investigators will apply a new approach to assess the presence of CE and HT after stroke in CT scans, through the quantification of anatomical distortion (AD) (induced by fluid extravasation in brain tissue) at 24 hours. A large panel of blood biomarkers related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction , and fibrin resistance to lysis, will be measured as blood samples are taken from each patient before and 24 hours after thrombolysis or thrombectomy. The role of both AD and blood biomarkers as predictors of 3 months functional outcome, assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), will be estimated. Using a translational approach the investigators will develop a new mouse model of light-induced occlusion/reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to better reproduce the human setting. Then, the investigators will assess functional impairment induced by stroke with and without recanalization at different time points and the investigators will assess through ex vivo experiments the insurgence of BBB alterations 24 hours after the lesion. Finally, the investigators will characterize the stroke volume and the inflammation one week after stroke.

The complications after reimplantation of cryoconserved autologous bone flaps are reported inhomogeniously in the literature. Especially the incidence of bone flap resorption varies from 0% to about 30%. More recent retrospective studies seem to find higher resorption rates and thus suggest to implant artificial bone replacements from the start. The Swiss Prospective Autologous bone Resorption Study is the first propspective observational study designed to determine the true incidence of autologous bone resorption.

Explore the role of Inflammation and coagulation factors in cerebrospinal fluid for predicting persistent cerebral edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage

This study has been added as a sub study to the Simulation Training for Emergency Department Imaging 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05427838). The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool called qER 2.0 EU on the performance of readers, including general radiologists, emergency medicine clinicians, and radiographers, in interpreting non-contrast CT head scans. The study aims to evaluate the changes in accuracy, review time, and diagnostic confidence when using the AI tool. It also seeks to provide evidence on the diagnostic performance of the AI tool and its potential to improve efficiency and patient care in the context of the National Health Service (NHS). The study will use a dataset of 150 CT head scans, including both control cases and abnormal cases with specific abnormalities. The results of this study will inform larger follow-up studies in real-life Emergency Department (ED) settings.

The primary objective of Part 1 of the study is to determine if BIIB093 improves functional outcome at Day 90 as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) when compared with placebo in participants with Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI). The secondary objectives of Part 1 of the study are to determine if BIIB093 improves overall survival at Day 90 when compared with placebo, if BIIB093 improves functional outcome at Day 90 on the mRS dichotomized 0-4 vs. 5-6 when compared with placebo, if BIIB093 reduces midline shift at 72 hours (or at time of decompressive craniectomy [DC] or comfort measures only [CMO], if earlier) when compared with placebo, and to evaluate the safety and tolerability of BIIB093 in participants with LHI. The objectives of Part 2 of the study are to evaluate long-term disability following LHI, to evaluate long-term outcome measures of clinical function, quality of life, and healthcare utilization, and to assess the safety of BIIB093 in subjects with LHI during the follow-up period.

Increased brain bulk may be problematic during brain surgery for tumors because it may limit surgical exposure and access to the surgical site. Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is commonly given to alleviate brain bulk, and sometimes furosemide in a small dose is added if mannitol alone is insufficient. It is unclear if adding this furosemide truly helps to diminish brain bulk, and it is possible that furosemide may cause too much diuresis, leading to dehydration and its side effects (e.g., low blood pressure). Our purpose is to investigate what the effects of furosemide are in the setting of brain surgery for tumors, specifically with regards to decreasing brain bulk and/or causing dehydration. Study Hypothesis: The addition of furosemide to mannitol will result in improved brain relaxation in human subjects undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection than that seen with mannitol alone. However, the combination of mannitol and furosemide will also lead to more significant intravascular volume depletion than that seen with mannitol alone.

Primary Objectives: Pilot Portion: To determine the feasibility and safety of administering oral glyburide to non-diabetic patients receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for newly diagnosed brain metastases. Randomized Portion: To determine the number of patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases who have an increase in edema as measured on volumetric FLAIR imaging and the number of patients that require dexamethasone administration (or any corticosteroid administration with the purpose of treating cerebral edema) from the day of SRS to one month follow-up MRI in the group receiving glyburide versus placebo.