Active clinical trials for "Kidney Diseases"

To assess the percentage of patients on lanthanum carbonate, that achieve Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline suggested values for serum phosphorous in patients previously treated with calcium-based phosphate binder therapy.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disease that occurs in 1 in 500 individuals and leads to kidney failure in half of all affected. Currently, no treatments exist for PKD. PKD-affected kidney cells divide and multiply inappropriately, and form fluid-filled sacs called cysts. Kidney cysts continue to grow throughout life, destroying normal kidney tissue, leading to kidney failure. Based on evidence from basic science research it is believed that drinking high amounts of water can slow the abnormal cysts growth. This study aims to look at changes in urine composition with high water intake in PKD-affected persons compared to healthy individuals.

The objective of this study is to see if KRX-0502 (ferric citrate) is safe and effective as a dietary phosphate binder in controlling and managing serum phosphorus levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. Over the past forty years, the use of newer immunosuppressive drugs has decreased the risk for organ rejection considerably, and improved short-term outcomes. However, these costly and complicated life-long treatment regimens also cause serious side effects. This has been particularly true for children, who undergo treatment with these drugs at the same time they are transitioning, physically and emotionally, from childhood to adulthood. These factors lead to significantly reduced life-spans, decreased drug regimen adherence, and an increased need for re-transplantation, as compared with adults. Current immunosuppressive procedures and strategies for children mimic those for adults, despite the difference between the two populations' immune systems and needs. New strategies aimed at tailoring to an individual child's needs would both reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to generate information which will help to change the current practice of pediatric transplantation into one that is more individualized and preventative.

Kidney transplantation from living donors has been shown to carry many benefits over deceased donor transplantation. Because of benefits such as shorter waiting times and improved outcome for transplant recipients, living kidney donation accounts for an increasing number of kidney transplants nationwide. Most published studies about living kidney donation demonstrate that the procedure is safe, but they also emphasize concerns that long-term data on live donor outcomes are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to assess the long term outcomes and risks that may arise from living kidney donation.

Background: Solid organ transplantation provides life-saving treatment for end-stage organ disease but is associated with an increased cancer risk because of the need for long-term immunosuppression End-stage renal disease (ESRD), the most common type of end-stage organ disease leading to transplant, is itself linked to increased risk for some cancers The role of immunosuppression and other factors causing cancer in this setting are not fully understood. Objectives: To characterize cancer risk in transplant recipients and identify risk factors. To characterize risk for transmission of cancer from organ donors to recipients. To describe cancer risk in ESRD. Eligibility: Patients are not required for this study. Data are gathered from existing databases of ESRD patients, organ transplant patients and cancer registries. Design: Databases of 1) U.S. transplant recipients, donors and wait list candidates and 2) U.S. ESRD patients will be linked to multiple U.S. cancer registries to identify cancers in transplant recipients and ESRD patients. The spectrum of cancer risk in transplant recipients and ESRD patients will be evaluated in detail. The cancer risk in transplant recipients will be examined in relation to whether the donors had cancer. The proposed cancer risk factors (e.g., underlying medical condition, infection with cancer-causing viruses, immunosuppressive medications) documented in transplant and ESRD files will be studied for association with increased risk of particular types of cancer.

In patients undergoing coronary angiography, the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy(CIN)varies widely and ranges from < 5% in the lowest risk patients, to nearly 50% in the highest risk patients. Prior data has shown oral n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to be effective in reducing the incidence of CIN.Due to extensive first pass metabolism, the bioavailability of oral NAC is poor and ranges from 4%-10%. We hypothesize that the incidence of CIN will be reduced in patients with ACS who undergo PCI by the prophylactic administration of intravenous NAC. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single center clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of intravenous NAC on patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS)undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The medication Acetadote is provided by Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc (www.cumberlandpharma.com). Patients will be excluded if they have end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis,known hypersensitivity to NAC or a history of life-threatening contrast reaction. Primary end-point is incidence of CIN. Secondary end-points are in-hospital mortality,30-day mortality,duration of hospitalization and change in serum cystatin C level.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of erythropoietin for prevention acute kidney injury in CKD patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

A clinical intervention will be performed in adult diabetic Pima Indians with proteinuria to determine if an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is effective in slowing the progression of renal disease in persons with overt diabetic nephropathy attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study will be conducted in the Gila River Indian Community and include proteinuric subjects selected from the Diabetic Renal Disease Study (DRDS; NIH Protocol Number 88-DK-79) in whom glomerular function has been measured at six-monthly intervals for the past 48 months. Twenty-five subjects (12 men, 13 women) aged 31-64 years are eligible for this study. These subjects all have urinary albumin-to-creatinine rations >=300 mg/g (equivalent to 300 mg albumin/day), serum creatinine concentrations < 3.0 mg/dl, and no evidence of nondiabetic renal diseases. Their GFR slopes average -0.49 ml/min/month (95% confidence interval, -0.91 to -0.07), and 11 of them (8 men, 3 women) are hypertensive (systolic blood pressure >=140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure >=90 mm Hg). Subjects will be treated with an ACE inhibitor, and measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) will be made at six monthly intervals until the subjects' progress to renal failure. GFR slope (ml.min/month) will be computed, and the slope prior to the initiation of an ACE inhibitor will be compared with that obtained during treatment.

The purpose of this study is to determine if analysis of urine samples for specific markers can predict transplant rejection in people who have received kidney transplants.