Active clinical trials for "Kidney Calculi"

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been considered as the first-line choice for the management of >20mm kidney stones. The traditional nephrostomy tract of PNL was dilated to 24-30F, which is referred to as "Standard-PCNL". Standard PNL has an ideal stones free rate (SFR), however, at the cost of severe morbidity. To decrease the disadvantages related to standard PNL, "mini-perc" or "mini-PCNL", 20F or less, was first introduced to pediatric procedure in 1997, and subsequently implemented in adults with the expectation of similar SFR and low morbidity in the past twenty years. Although abundant efforts have been done, whether mini-perc outweigh standard-PNL for the treatment of >20mm calculis in terms of efficiency and safety remains controversial. To solve this problem, we performed this multicenter, parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of different doses of ALLN 177 for reducing urinary oxalate excretion in patients with secondary hyperoxaluria and recurrent kidney stones.

We want to compare the effect of lignocaine 2 % gel, Naproxen sodium and their combination on the pain control during extracorporial shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones.

Patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) suffer from acute postoperative pain, despite a multimodal analgesic regime. We hypothesize that active (ropivacaine) transmuscular quadratus lumborum (TQL) block will significantly reduce postoperative opioid consumption and pain following PNL operation compared with placebo (saline) TQL block. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided (USG) TQL block concurrent with a multimodal analgesic regime compared to the multimodal analgesic regime alone (and placebo TQL block) in a randomized and placebo controlled design.

Ureteric stents are used often following ureteroscopy for prevention of obstruction from edema and or stone fragments. They are often associated with pain, voiding often, the need to urinate quickly and finding blood in the urine called "lower urinary tract symptoms" or LUTS for short. There is randomized studies showing the efficacy of α-blockers such as tamsulosin in relieving "stent symptoms" (pain and LUTS). There is emerging but limited evidence to show that antimuscarinic medications, used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) have some efficacy in decreasing stent symptoms. Mirabegron is a beta-agonist used to decrease OAB symptoms. Mirabegron functions to mediate relaxation of the detrusor muscle and has been useful in treating OAB symptoms. Conventional antimuscarinic medications often have bothersome side effects like dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision and cognitive impairment. This may limit their use in some populations. Mirabegron is well-tolerated with a good safety profile and therefore may be useful in treating stent symptoms without the bothersome side effects commonly seen with antimuscarinic medications. . The investigators hypothesize that mirabegron is effective in decreasing ureteral stent related LUTS and pain.

Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, as well as preventing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency is very common in the United States and worldwide, and is now being increasingly recognized and treated. One group in which vitamin D deficiency may be particularly important is patients who have had kidney stones. These patients frequently have elevated levels of calcium in their urine, which is a common and important risk factor for calcium containing kidney stones. Because vitamin D increases absorption of calcium into the blood by the intestines, physicians may be reluctant to prescribe vitamin D therapy to patients with vitamin D deficiency if they also have kidney stones and high amounts of calcium in the urine. They are concerned about the possible risk of increasing the amount of calcium in the urine (and thereby increasing the risk of calcium stones occurring again). However, studies in patients without kidney stones, as well as studies in patients with high calcium levels in the urine, have demonstrated that giving vitamin D is effective and safe and does not increase calcium in the urine. Therefore, the investigators will study the effects of giving vitamin D on the amount of calcium in the urine in patients with a history of kidney stones and elevated calcium in the urine. The investigators will evaluate the safety of giving vitamin D to this particular group of patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Renalof administration promotes partial or total dissolution of urinary calculi and improves physicochemical parameters and metabolic activity in patients with recurrent calcic urolithiasis. The duration of this double-blind placebo controlled phase 3 clinical trial will be 12 weeks. The estimated number of patients to be recruited and randomized for the study is 110. Ultrasonographic and humoral parameters will be assessed every 4 weeks.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two probiotic preparations (Agri-King Synbiotic and Oxadrop) on urinary oxalate excretion in patients with mild hyperoxaluria. Probiotics are live microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the host organism. Hyperoxaluria is a hereditary disorder that causes a special kind of stone to form in the kidney and urine. Oxalates are naturally-occurring substances found in plants, animals, and in humans. Excretion of oxalates in the urine is a risk factor for kidney stone formation. Our hypothesis was that the mild hyperoxaluria is due to over absorption of oxalate from food and that probiotics will improve gastrointestinal barrier function to decrease oxalate absorption across the gut (and hence its elimination in the urine). In the study, participants were randomized to placebo, Agri-King Synbiotic, or Oxadrop, and were treated for 6 weeks. Patients were maintained on a controlled diet to remove the confounding variable of differing oxalate intake and availability from food.

The objectives of the study are to assess the systemic exposure, safety and efficacy of three concentrations of OMS201 in subjects undergoing retrograde ureteroscopic removal of upper urinary tract stones.

Urolithiasis is a common condition in the United States, and is associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. The most commonly occurring urinary calculi are comprised of calcium oxalate salts, and until recently, the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate calculi was poorly understood. New evidence, however, suggests that the development of calcium oxalate calculi may be intimately associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) plaque, also known as Randall's plaque, which is located on the renal papillae. The investigators have previously demonstrated that Randall's plaque originates in the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and they have shown that Randall's plaque is composed of HA (Evan, Lingeman et al. 2003). As well, the amount of Randall's plaque correlates with elevated levels of urinary calcium and decreased urinary volume, risk factors for the formation of calcium oxalate calculi (Kuo, Lingeman et al. 2003). In the course of these previous studies, the investigators have anecdotally noted that calcium oxalate stones are often found attached to Randall's plaque, an observation that others have reported as well (Prien 1949; Carr 1954; Cifuentes Delatte, Minon-Cifuentes et al. 1987). However, there has been no in-vivo, rigorous documentation of this "attached stone" relationship. Attached calculi represent an important point in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate calculi, as they correspond to a moment in time where there is a continuum between the HA plaque of Randall and the calcium oxalate stone, thus linking the origin of plaque with the development of stone. A better understanding of the phenomenon of attached calculi will lead to a better understanding of how and why calcium oxalate stones form, which may ultimately direct future interventions to attenuate stone activity.