Active clinical trials for "Hyperlipidemias"

Background: Studies have revealed that time-restricted feeding affects the fat oxidation rate; however, its effects on the fat oxidation rate and hyperlipidemia following high-fat meals are unclear. This study investigated the effects of 5-day time-restricted feeding on the fat oxidation rate and postprandial lipemia following high fat meals. Methods: In this random crossover experimental study, eight healthy male adults were included each in the 5-day time-restricted feeding trial and the control trial. The meals of the time-restricted feeding trial were provided at 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00. The meals of the control trial were provided at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00. The contents of the meals of both trials were the same, and the calories of the meals met the 24-hour energy requirement of the participants. After 5 days of the intervention, the participants consumed high-fat meals on the sixth day, and their physiological changes were determined.

Obesity is characterized by an underlying inflammatory state in which various inflammatory signaling molecules, termed cytokines, affect metabolic processes central to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; leading causes of disability and death in Ontario. Such obesity-associated inflammation is partly due to the movement of endotoxin (i.e. lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria) from the gut microbiota to the blood, resulting in elevated blood levels of LPS (a condition termed metabolic endotoxemia) that stimulates inflammation. Digestion of a high-fat meal increases blood LPS and is subsequently associated with inflammation and metabolic impairments. However, in this context, little is known about how the consumption of bioactive-rich foods, such as whole apples, can improve impaired inflammatory and metabolic responses in overweight and obese individuals. Apples are a key commodity to study given that they are Ontario's predominant fruit crop with the apple industry valued at approximately $400 million, they require little food preparation, and they are common in the diet year-round. There are some, but limited, reports of potential apple-induced health benefits related to reductions in inflammation and improved metabolic responses in lean/healthy individuals, but work in overweight and obese individuals is especially lacking. Thus, to address the gap in our understanding of how daily apple intake may improve the health consequences of obesity, we will conduct a randomized clinical trial in which overweight and obese adults will consume three Ontario-grown Gala apples (approximately 300 g) as part of their typical diet in one sitting (i.e. acute consumption) and/or daily for six weeks (i.e. chronic consumption). The Acute Apple Consumption phase of the study will follow a randomized crossover design in which participants' rate of gastric emptying, efficacy of dietary lipid digestion and absorption, and production of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of metabolism will be assessed before and after consuming a high-fat meal (designed to provide 1 g fat/kg body weight) with or without three apples in one sitting. The Chronic Apple Consumption phase of the study will follow a randomized, controlled, parallel-arm design in which participants' (fasting) production of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of metabolism, as well as their gut microbiota profile, will be assessed before and after consuming three apples (or no apples) daily for six weeks. We hypothesize that the consumption of three whole apples in one sitting and daily for six weeks will improve these parameters in overweight and obese individuals at risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases.

Increased postprandial plasma triglycerides are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Chronic consumption of carbohydrates is associated with increased levels of triglycerides. Very few studies have assessed the effect of acute consumption of carbohydrates on plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein production and clearance. The present study aims to assess the effects of acute administration of glucose and fructose on hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein production.

The purpose of this controlled pilot study is to determine whether an intervention aimed at patients will improve partnering, shared decision-making and open communication. Results from this pilot study will inform how to best proceed with a larger multi-centered randomized controlled trial. The specific hypothesis for this pilot study is to: Test the feasibility of a simple patient-centered intervention. Test the correlation between patient readiness to actively engage in conversation (assessed using a pre-visit patient survey) and actual patient behaviors in the encounter. Develop a coding tool that will quantify patient activation in clinical encounters. Test whether activating patients who are more involved and revealing in the patient-clinician dyad will improve patient and clinician outcomes.

Poor quality of medical care is a major contributor to excess medical morbidity and premature mortality in persons with serious mental illnesses (SMI). To address this problem, community mental health providers are increasingly partnering with safety net medical providers to develop behavioral health homes, integrated clinics in which persons with SMI receive coordinated medical and mental health care. However, behavioral health homes have faced logistical and privacy challenges in integrating electronic medical records across organizations. This application proposes to develop and test a mobile Personal Health Record (mPHR) to overcome this problem while more fully engaging patients in their health care. The study will develop, test, and disseminate the mPHR. The investigators will develop the app building on experience and preliminary data from a PC-based PHR project, and link it to the medical and mental health EHR in a behavioral health home. Next, the investigators will conduct a randomized trial of the mPHR in 300 subjects randomized to the mPHR or usual care.

It is well known that medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and diacylglycerols (DGs) have effects on lowering circulating triglycerides (TGs). In this study, the mixture of MCTs and DGs (MCDGs) examined whether it has beneficial effects on postprandial lipids metabolism compared to long-chain triglycerides (TGs).

This study compares the effect of insulin given as a nasal spray with a placebo. Insulin is a chemical messenger (hormone) in the body that controls fat (triglyceride) levels in the blood by controlling the amount of fat made by the liver and gut. Recent research suggests that insulin may work through the brain. The investigators hypothesize that preferential delivery of insulin into the brain, through nasal spray of the hormone, may affect the amount of fats made by the liver and gut.

1) to test HDL function comprehensively in healthy and diseased individuals; 2) to evaluate if this test correlates with cardiovascular risk, independent of traditional risk factors; 3) and to differentiate effects of lipid-modifying or antiatherosclerotic drugs on HDL function and composition

Strategies to improve uptake of cardiovascular disease preventive therapies among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are urgently needed. This study tests an innovative prevention nurse intervention to extend the HIV/AIDS treatment cascade for the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia among PLHIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. This intervention may be scalable as an extension of ongoing HIV/AIDS treatment cascade initiatives in HIV specialty clinics nationwide.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety tolerability, and PK profile of K-312 and its metabolites in healthy Japanese and non-Japanese adults.