Active clinical trials for "Bone Diseases, Metabolic"

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are increasingly reported in HIV-infected patients, and appear to be more frequent than in general population. However, pathogenesis remains unclear, and published studies still give non concordant results. We therefore started a prospective study, to assess the potential role of ARV in the occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. BMD evolution over a 2-years period of follow-up, will be compared between patients starting ARV therapy, and subjects without HAART (no indication of treatment). A correlation between BMD and several factors will be looked at (see below). This study with individual direct benefice, is conducted in 3 outpatients clinics (Strasbourg, Colmar, Mulhouse) in collaboration with the rheumatologic teams. 60 patients are planned to be included over a 3-years inclusion period

In this study researchers would like to learn more about the low levels of bone mineral density seen in approximately half of women in their forties diagnosed as currently having or previously had depression. Bones are always undergoing a process of building (formation) and breakdown (resorption). This process is referred to as bone remodeling. When more bone is formed than resorbed, the density (level of calcium) in bone increases and the bones become stronger. However, if more bone is resorbed than formed the density of bone decreases and the bones become weak. This condition is called osteoporosis. It is unknown if women with depression have decreased bone mineral density as a result of too much breakdown of bone or not enough building. It is important to know the cause of low bone mineral density because it will influence the way a patient is treated. Medications like bisphosphonates are used when there is too much bone breakdown. Growth hormone replacement can be given in cases where there is not enough bone production. Presently, bone biopsy and a procedure known as histomorphometry can determine what processes are going on in bones. Researchers have decided to use a sample of bone (biopsy) from part of the hip bone (iliac crest). In addition, researchers will collect a sample of bone marrow (the soft tissue found in the center of bones) to tell them more about the biochemical, cellular, and molecular processes that may be contributing to the problem of decreased bone density in depressed premenopausal women.

In order to make bone health a reality for older adults, we need to consider the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in relation to environment latitude as well as vitamin D supplementation. Darker skin pigmentation and aging are known factors influencing the body's ability to synthesis adequate amounts of Vitamin D. The aim of this project is to document vitamin D deficiency in elderly African American women living in a southern latitude.

The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Secondary aims include investigating the prevalence of hypogonadism (low sex hormones) in patients with chronic pancreatitis and determining if hypogonadism and/or use of narcotic pain medications are risk factors for low bone density in this patient population. Hypothesis: Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at increased risk of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis), and hypogonadism (low sex hormone levels) and narcotic pain medication use are independent risk factors for the development of low bone density in this patient population. The outcome measures include: i) Prevalence of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (as determined by DXA scan and fracture history). ii) Prevalence of hypogonadism (low sex hormones) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (as determined by sex hormone levels and clinical history). iii) Identification of hypogonadism and/or opioid use as risk factors for low bone density in patients with chronic pancreatitis (as determined by univariate and multivariate analysis of multiple risk factors). After obtaining written consent from potential subjects, a questionnaire will be performed outlining risk factors for low bone density. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan) will be performed to evaluate for low bone density and a blood test will be performed to evaluate for low sex hormones, low levels of vitamin D, and other risk factors for low bone density.

This study is part of a research project for a University MD Program. This is an observational study aimed at comparing the differences in bone metabolism and microcirculation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (with and without diabetic neuropathy and Charcot foot) with healthy subjects. Diabetes is gradually becoming a global epidemic along with its associated complications. Diabetes can affect several systems in our body particularly the eyes, nerves and the kidneys. The damaging effects occur at the level of the small blood vessels (microcirculation) that supply these vital structures. Normally, the inner lining of these blood vessels (endothelium) plays a very important role in maintaining adequate blood flow. The endothelium releases a chemical substance called nitric oxide, which relaxes these small blood vessels thereby ensuring sufficient blood supply to these key structures. Nitric oxide also prevents blockage of these vessels. Any form of metabolic stress like hyperglycaemia (raised blood sugar as seen in diabetes) can cause abnormal changes in the normal behaviour of the endothelium (endothelial dysfunction). Therefore hyperglycaemia promotes endothelial dysfunction by lowering nitric oxide levels, which may lead to diabetic complications like diabetic retinopathy (eye damage), nephropathy (kidney damage) or neuropathy (nerve damage). In addition, patients with diabetes also suffer from osteoporosis (thinning of bones). Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterised by a reduction in bone mineral content leading to an increased risk of developing fractures. The increased risk of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes is attributed to poor bone quality resulting from the harmful effects of high blood glucose. Studies have also shown that nitric oxide has a bone protective effect as demonstrated by its ability to prevent bone fragmentation and improve bone strength. Study of markers of endothelial function and bone metabolism will facilitate a better understanding about the origin of diabetic complications. This will aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents that target the harmful triggers in diabetes and eventually may prevent and retard the onset of the debilitating diabetic complications.

The aims of the present study are to investigate the effect of vitamin K2 on bone turnover, bone mass, bone structure, glucose metabolism, and arteriosclerosis. Osteoporosis, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease are common diseases that affect large groups of people in the Western world. Our hypotheses is that vitamin K2 (MK-7) reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin in postmenopausal women and reduces bone turnover and increases bone mineral density; increases insulin sensitivity and decreases indices of arterial calcification.

The objective of this study is to assess changes bone mineral density and bone metabolism after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The investigators hypothesize that weight loss after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery will be associated with increased bone turnover, changes in bone metabolism, and loss of bone mass.

This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate new or worsening lens opacifications in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer receiving denosumab for bone loss due to androgen deprivation therapy.

The goals of the trial are: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in subgroups of COPD patients. To look for risk factors of osteoporosis in COPD patients. To create sub-groups for prospective research concerning the effects of bisphosphonates on osteoporosis variables in COPD patients.

Despite being effective in weight reduction in severely obese patients, bariatric surgery (BS) negatively influences bone metabolism and increases the risk of falls thereby potentially increasing the risk of fracture. The mechanisms of BS induced bone loss are unknown but may be related to calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, changes in the energy regulation metabolism and gastrointestinal hormonal physiology. Since the etiology of BS induced bone loss is largely unknown, treatment relies mostly on calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which provide little benefit. Exercise is an effective strategy to prevent bone mass losses in several health conditions. However, no study so far has examined the effects of an exercise-training program in the prevention of BS induced bone loss. The investigators main goal is to investigate the effects on bone metabolism and fracture risk of an exercise-training program specifically tailored to improve bone health and balance of patients that underwent BS. The investigators will perform a randomized controlled trial on obese patients (n=80; BMI>40 Kg.m-2) elected to BS. Patients will be randomly assigned into 2 groups i) a group receiving standard follow-up and medical care, or ii) a group that will undergo a 11 months' Exercise Training program designed to improve bone health and reduce fall risk plus the standard follow-up and medical care. All patients will be assessed i) before the surgery, ii) one month, iii) 6 months, and iv) 12 months after the surgery. Assessments include: biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTM), BMD, bone tissue biomechanical properties, hormones involved in the regulation of energy, gastrointestinal and bone metabolism, body composition, BMI, nutritional intake, balance, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and daily physical activity. These evaluations will allow the investigators to understand the effects of an exercise-training program on bone metabolism of BS patients, contributing also to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying BS induced bone loss and fracture risk increase. The investigators will use established methods in the literature as well as novel procedures, which will enable them to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies. At the end of the study the investigators expect to have collected consistent data about whether an exercise-training program is or is not able to effectively prevent BS induced bone losses and fracture risk increases.