Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Decrease mortality rate resulting from pneumonia

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disease burden of hospitalized patients with CAP and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in real life of China .

The VRI technology provides a radiation free dynamic image of the lung, by using a combination of well-known technologies, i.e. acoustic sensors, and a proprietary algorithm. The aim of the study is to determine if the VRI examination may contribute to the diagnosis and follow up of pneumonia in children, and therefore reduce the number of chest radiographs and the exposure to ionizing radiation. Children referred by ED for chest x-ray,for the evaluation of pneumonia, will undergo VRI as well. The two modalities will be read independently and then the findings will be compared, in order to asses the potential role of the VRI to the management of pneumonia in children.

This is a phase III, multi-center, open-label, comparative and randomized study in evaluating the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam versus cefepime for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia. The investigator will determine the total duration of study therapy, as clinically indicated. The minimum duration of study therapy will be 7 days and the maximum allowable duration of study therapy will be 21 days.

The hypothesis is that community-acquired pneumonia is usually a monomicrobial infection. Therefore, early detection of the etiology allows to select the most active, narrow-spectrum, and cheap, and less toxic antibiotic agent.

This research investigates the diagnostic accuracy of various diagnostic approaches for malaria and pneumonia in under-five children presenting to primary healthcare centres in Benin City, Nigeria.

Excellent immune responses following 1 or 2 doses of the GSK monovalent AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) vaccines (e.g., Arepanrix®) have been documented in several trials. Observational studies have found that these vaccines were effective in preventing laboratory confirmed influenza infections. However, it remains unclear whether vaccination during the pandemic was associated with reductions in more clinically meaningful outcomes, such as hospitalizations, severe illness, complications, and death. The investigators propose to evaluate the effectiveness of the GSK adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccines used in Manitoba in preventing hospitalization and severe illness (defined as illness necessitating admission to intensive care or associated with major complications) due to influenza or pneumonia by means of a case-control study using data from Manitoba Health (MH) administrative databases and the database of the Cadham Provincial Laboratory. The primary outcome will be hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza or pneumonia. A secondary outcome will be hospitalization with influenza or pneumonia. The investigators will also assess the effectiveness of the above vaccines for different age groups and among high-risk populations, e.g., immunocompromised individuals.

Pulmonary bacterial infections such as exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia represent a major public health issue. Antibiotics have shown their efficacy by direct antimicrobial activity and their limit particularly in case of multidrug-resistant microorganisms or in treating patients with aggravating pathologies. Innate immunity could be an alternative or complementary therapeutic pathway. Innate immunity receptors bind universal and invariant microbial molecular patterns present in bacteria, virus, fungus or parasite. Toll-like Receptors (TLR) activation by microbial agonist stimulates the innate immunity response which results in the production of chemokines, cytokines, antimicrobial molecules and the recruitment of innate cells. The " Pulmonary Infection and Innate Immunity " team of the Immunity and Infection Center in Lille (Group of Dr. Sirard and Carnoy) has a long expertise in the study of TLR5 and its agonist, the flagellin, a structural protein of bacterial flagella. TLR5 is expressed on the cell surface of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic and epithelial cells. Several studies in mice have shown the flagellin prophylactic potential during bacterial infections through a TLR5 dependent stimulation of innate immunity. Recently, the group of Dr. Sirard and Carnoy has shown that flagellin can be used in association with antibiotics to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice. The results demonstrate that an agonist of TLR can increase the therapeutic index of an antibiotic and improve the pulmonary anti-infectious reaction. This innovative approach allows us to consider new antibacterial strategies where antibiotics have reached their limit (nosocomial infection, multidrug-resistant bacteria…). TLR agonists can activate multiple human cell type. Indeed, blood cells activation by TLR agonists have been recently characterized in healthy volunteers. However, there is no available data on the ability of TLR agonists to activate cells from patients with infectious pneumopathies. A study in these patients is inevitable if one is to consider the therapeutic use of agonists in respiratory pathologies.

The primary objective of this study is to assess the incidence of VAP in patients with TBI and to identify risk factors for developing VAP in this specific patient population (types of co-injuries in patients with multiple trauma or characteristics on admission). The secondary objective is to assess the prevalence of pathogens responsible for early- and late-onset VAP in patients with TBI. The tertiary objective is to discuss the ability of preventive measures to reduce the incidence of VAP

This observational monocentric prospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of new measures for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) management in the pediatric population in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli of 8 beds. The investigators will compare the incidence of VAP in the group of patients in which this protocol has been implemented to a retrospective control group of patients before the new protocol implementation. VAP bundle includes oral care hygiene measures (i.e chlorhexidine swab), to keep clean and dry ventilator circuits and head positioning at 45 degrees.