Active clinical trials for "Acute Lung Injury"

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) had been used to treat refractory hypoxemia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There were reported good outcome associated with ECMO for ARDS caused by influenza infection from several ECMO centers. However, the outcome of ECMO support in lower ECMO experience center had not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of ECMO, comparing with conventional treatment among severe hypoxemic ARDS patients who were admitted in limited ECMO experience hospital.

Intubated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are usually treated with protective ventilation limiting plateau pressure below 30 centimeter of water (cmH2O) and, if possible, a driving pressure under 15 cmH2O. However, these airway pressures might not reflect the actual pressure applied to the lung. Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between airway pressure and pleural pressure, the latter is estimated by the esophageal pressure, and so it better reflects the ventilatory induced lung injury (VILI). One of the consequences of the VILI is a increase of pulmonary edema and it could be estimated by the extravascular lung water, obtained by trans-pulmonary thermodilution. So it could exist a link between the driving trans-pulmonary pressure and the extravascular lung water.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome accounts for 23% of mechanically ventilated patients and is associated with high mortality rate. Although life-saving, mechanical ventilation may worsen lung injury through two main mechanisms: lung overdistension and atelectrauma. Indeed, the cyclic opening and closure of airways during tidal ventilation may cause lung and bronchial injuries as suggested by animal models and autopsy findings. Complete airways closure has recently been described in 40% of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and setting positive end-expiratory pressure above the airway opening pressure may limit atelectrauma. However, animal and mathematical models suggest that above the airway opening pressure, more distal airways open unevenly according to their own opening pressure, resulting in an "avalanche"-like phenomenon during lung inflation. This phenomenon has never been described in humans. A better understanding of the opening of airways in acute respiratory distress syndrome may help to limit ventilation-induced lung injury and to improve outcomes.

The primary endpoint of this research is to establish that the alveolar dead space is significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 ARDS, compared to patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS. Secondarily, the investigators want to establish the prognostic value of the alveolar-dead space (measured iteratively) in patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS, to establish the respective influences of the biological parameters of endothelial damage, of the biological parameters of coagulopathy, of the parameters set on the artificial ventilator on the value of the alveolar dead space; in ARDS patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS, to establish the prognostic value of the laboratory parameters of endothelial damage and coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS.

Acute type A aortic dissection is often accompanied by postoperative pulmonary complications, the cause of which is not fully understood.Angiotensin II is an important component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which has been suggested to be involved in the development of aortic dissection and pulmonary inflammation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of angiotensin II pathway in postoperative pulmonary complications after acute type A aortic dissection, and to provide reference for clinical application

Mortality rates in children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) are higher in Asia compared to other regions. In adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the only therapy that improves mortality rates is a lung protective ventilation strategy. The pediatric ventilation recommendations are extrapolated from evidence in adults, including ventilation with low tidal volume, low peak/plateau pressures and high-end expiratory pressure. A recent retrospective study of ventilation practices in Asia showed varying practices with regards to pulmonary and non-pulmonary therapies, including ventilation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and outcomes of PARDS in the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network (PACCMAN). This study will also determine the use of pulmonary (mechanical ventilation, steroids, neuromuscular blockade, surfactant, pulmonary vasodilators, prone positioning) and non-pulmonary (nutrition, sedation, fluid management, transfusion) PARDS therapies. To achieve this aim, a prospective observational study which involves systematic screening of all pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and collection of pertinent clinical data will be conducted. Recruitment will be consecutive and follow up will continue to intensive care discharge.

Blood which recirculates through the circuit of a veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (V-V ECMO) does not contribute to the systemic oxygenation of a patient on V-V ECMO and is called the recirculation fraction (Rf). Theoretically, the optimization of ECMO blood flow is possible using Rf measurements. A prospective, observational study will be performed measuring the Rf of total ECMO blood flow in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on V-V ECMO with an ultrasound dilution technique. ECMO blood flow will be optimized by reducing ECMO blood flow in accordance with the measured Rf as long as systemic oxygenation is not compromised.

Introduction: Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(SI-ARDS) is a common complication of severe sepsis and is an independent contributor to poor prognosis of patients. It remains a clinical challenge to identify the SI-ARDS early and accurately, which could optimize the treatment strategy and reduce the mortality risk. Radiomics high-dimensional features extracted from CT images offer an insight into microvascular damage of SI-ARDS that are imperceptible to human eyes and aspects of intra-alveolar heterogeneity with potential prognostic relevance. Methods: Study design Investigators screened all patients with sepsis and septic shock who are treated in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University during the period from 1 May 2015 and 30 May 2022. Patients were recruited retrospectively from May 2015 to April 2021 as discovering group, and prospectively during the period from May 2021 to May 2022 as validation group. Follow-up will conducted until April 2023. Cohort descriptions and definitions Investigators plan to recruit 160 patients in discovering group, 40 patients in internal validation group, and 100 patients in external validation group. Patients between 18 and 80 years of age with sepsis and septic shock will be screened for eligibility. SI-ARDS is defined by sequential occurrence of the sepsis-3 consensus criteria for sepsis and the Berlin Definition for ARDS. The exclusion criteria are： admission stay <24hours, the presence of end-stage lung disease or long-term oxygen therapy, critically ill patients who have started mechanical ventilation caused by SI-ARDS before admission, a history of lung transplantation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer patients not/have received chemotherapy. Outcome measures In this study, the primary outcome measure was the occurrence rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). It refers to the occurrence of sepsis patients progressed into ARDS. Secondary outcome measures were as follows: 1.28-day mortality 2.ventilator-free days 3.respiratory failure-free days Data collection All clinical data were collected by investigators and trained personnel. Each participant's data will be filled in electronic case report forms (CRF) and store online using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). Discussion: SI-ARDS is one common severe complication with critically ill sepsis patients, which causes high mortality and poor prognosis. Early ARDS patient(arterial oxygen tension/inspired oxygen fraction [PaO2/FIO2] ≤ 300 mmHg but > 200 mmHg) may not require invasive mechanical ventilation, and is more readily reversible than acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). In this ambispecive cohort study, investigators developed and validated novel nomograms incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical signature to provide an easy-to-use and individualized prediction of SI-ARDS occurrence and severe degree in patients with early stage.

Children supported by Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) present a high risk of neurological complications and cerebral autoregulation (CA) impairment may be a risk factor. The first objective is to investigate the association between CA impairments and neurological outcome assessed by the onset of an ANE. The secondary objective is to study the underlying mechanisms influencing CA.

For the last years, studies have described the " Post-intensive care Syndrome " (PICS), which consists in alteration of quality of life, cognition, autonomy and psychological disorders within the months after intensive-care. Patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units are at high risks to develop PICS. The primary objective is to analyse the incidence of the post-traumatic stress disorder at 12 months after intensive-care for a COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).