Active clinical trials for "Elephantiasis, Filarial"

The purpose of this phase 3b study is to determine the safety of a single dose of moxidectin, compared to a single dose of ivermectin, in individuals living in onchocerciasis endemic areas and in individuals living in onchocerciasis endemic areas with high levels of lymphatic filariasis co-endemicity receiving concomitant albendazole.

This is a cluster-randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the additive benefit of Ivermectin (IVM) (or Placebo) mass drug administration (MDA) to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) MDA for malaria control in a moderate to low malaria-endemic setting as an adjunctive strategy to existing programmatic malaria control measures. The regime of DP and IVM will target both human reservoirs of Plasmodium falciparum and the Anopheles gambiae vector respectively, with the aim of interrupting transmission. The trial will be conducted on the Bijagos Archipelago, where islands (clusters) will be randomised to receive seasonal DP and IVM or DP and Placebo MDA. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of infection with Plasmodium falciparum in all age groups detected by nucleic acid amplification testing during the peak malaria transmission season after two years of intervention.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether moxidectin (Mox) will be more effective than ivermectin (IVM) when used in single-dose combination therapies for lymphatic filariasis (LF).

While tremendous progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been made in the 20 years since the 1997 Fiftieth World Health Assembly, it is unlikely the goal of eliminating LF as a public health problem by 2020 will be achieved. As of 2016, it was estimated that 856 million people are still living in areas with ongoing transmission of LF and require mass drug administration (MDA) [1]. Of the 52 countries that remain endemic and require MDA, 22 (42%) have not started MDA in all endemic implementation units (IUs) [1]. In addition, several countries have found that, despite completing the required number of treatment rounds, the response to the present MDA regimen has been suboptimal in some IUs, requiring additional rounds of MDA.

Albendazole and ivermectin are currently used in combination for annual mass treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Africa. Although the drugs have been donated, the cost of such programmes is very high and has proven to be a major impediment to the success of programmes in many countries with limited financial resources. Data from albendazole treatment of other filarial infections and one study comparing single to multi-dose Diethycarbamazine/albendazole in lymphatic filariasis suggest that increased dose and/or frequency of albendazole dosing may be more effective in clearing microfilariae. It is essential to determine whether such higher doses are indeed beneficial since this could have far-reaching effects on the conduct and management of the main mass treatment programmes and also in the management of programmes as they near elimination.

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by the transmission of worm larvae (microfilaria) by biting insects. Once a human is infected, the larvae mature into adult worms that release huge numbers of larvae into the lymphatics for 5-15 years. The larvae cause tissue damage resulting in the disabling diseases of elephantiasis (gross leg and scrotal swelling) and river blindness. These diseases affect 160 million people and are acknowledged major public health problems in the tropics. Current treatments mainly target the larvae but not the adult worms that live for years, meaning that repeated courses of treatment over many years are needed. These repeated courses are usually delivered at population level in the form of mass drug administration programmes. For the adult worms to be able to grow, reproduce and infect more humans they are dependent on a bacterium which lives inside them. This bacterium (Wolbachia) is not naturally found in humans. Some drugs are able to target Wolbachia, however they are unsuitable for mass drug administration programmes because they have to be given for 4-6 weeks and cannot be used in children or pregnant women. AWZ1066S is a novel drug developed in Liverpool that has been shown in experimental models to target Wolbachia and indirectly kill the adult parasitic worms after a 7 day course. After extensive safety testing in animals we are conducting a Phase 1, first in human study, to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ascending single and multiple oral doses of AWZ1066S in healthy volunteers. The study is a single centre study, will last approximately 1 year and will take place in a dedicated Phase 1 trial unit. Depending on which group they are enrolled into, participants will take either one dose, two doses or seven doses and their involvement will last between 38 and 45 days. Participants will be closely monitored for adverse effects.

The DOLF Triple Drug Therapy for Lymphatic Filariasis study will determine the frequency, type and severity of adverse events following triple-drug therapy (IVM+DEC+ALB, IDA) compared to the standard two-drug treatment (DEC+ALB, DA) in infected and uninfected individuals in a community in 5 different countries. The objective is to acquire safety, efficacy, and acceptability data to assess the safety and acceptability of the IDA drug combination.

Current lymphedema management protocols are based on the use of simple measures of hygiene (regular washing with soap and water, skin and nail care), use of topical antibiotics or antifungal agents, exercise and footwear. This is considered the "standard of care" in most endemic countries in the absence of any structured treatment programs. Previous controlled clinical trials and extensive field experience have shown the benefit of these measures in reducing the frequency of attacks of acute dermato-lymphangio-adenitis (ADLA) that drive the progression of lymphedema. In the present study, the progression of lymphedema in a group of patients who receive a six-week course of doxycycline will be compared with that of a group who receives doxycycline "look-alike" placebo tablets. However, both groups will be enrolled into a standardized "regimen of hygiene" described above. Thus, patients enrolled in the "placebo" group also will receive the current standard of care, and the placebo used in the study will help to identify the benefits of doxycycline on a background of simple hygiene measures. The regimens will be explained to all participants who will be trained to use established standardized methods of hygiene and be effectively applying it prior to the initiation of the drug treatment. In addition, patients will be evaluated at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months.. A common, generic SOP with handouts that describes methods and the training schedule will be used so that similar methods are employed across all sites.

This is a cluster randomised trial evaluating the safety of co-administering Azithromycin alongside the new IDA (Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine, Albendazole) combination treatment for LF. Treatment will be provided as a single dose Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to the whole community. Communities will be randomised to receive either treatment with IDA and Azithromycin on the same day or separately. Active monitoring for adverse events will be conducted and the frequency of adverse events compared between individuals receiving combined MDA or separate MDA.

Cluster-randomised trial comparing co-administration of Azithromycin/Ivermectin/Albendazole with separate administration of Azithromycin and Ivermectin/Albendazole. The study will be conducted in Beneshangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia. Within this district, a study group of 8,000 people (in approximately 40 clusters) will receive the azithromycin, ivermectin & albendazole at a single time. A control group of 8,000 people (in approximately 40 clusters) within the same district will receive the current MDA treatment schedule beginning with Ivermectin/Albendazole followed two weeks later with azithromycin. All drug dosing will be in line with standard FMOH and WHO Guidelines for MDA for trachoma and lymphatic filariasis. The study will randomly sort subdistrict communities (Gotes) into the trial arm and the control arm. The study will compare the number of adverse events (AEs) and severe adverse events (SAEs) between the two arms to determine if co-administration is not inferior to the standard treatment. The primary outcome will be to demonstrate the safety of the triple-drug administration as measured by incidence of AEs/SAEs following the MDA.