Active clinical trials for "Depressive Disorder, Major"

This study aims to determine whether ventral striatal dopamine release is a mechanism of reward motivation in major depression, whether dopamine release is low in depression, and whether DA release and reward motivation predict response to dopamine-targeted treatment with pramipexole.

A non interventional, descriptive, longitudinal cohort study is designed, trying to obtain local data about the prevalence of non remitted depressed patients after an antidepressant treatment, and to get information about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of these patients as well as features of their treatments and compare them with those of the patients that achieve remission. Also the effect of patient´s expectation in the treatment outcome will be examined.

This study will report on the outcome of a clinical program, operational since 1998, that has used surgery targeting an emotional pathway in the brain in the treatment of severe depressive illness that has failed to respond to all other available interventions. Benefit from surgery was anticipated on the basis that the lesion (bilateral anterior capsulotomy) is a well established surgical target for treating severe treatment resistant depression.

Previous research studies have shown that depression is associated with changes in structure and activity in different parts of the brain and that antidepressant medication can affect brain activity in different parts of the brain in individuals suffering from depression. The primary purpose of the study is to find out more about how the antidepressant medication duloxetine affects brain activity and structure in individuals with depression.

The purpose of this research study is to find out if a test can predict whether someone with depression will get better with treatment. We also want to find out whether there are changes in the brains of depressed patients having different types of treatment (drug therapy vs. talk therapy). We hope that a test called QEEG (Quantitative Electroencephalogram) can tell us if a treatment is going to work, even before the person starts to feel better. Hypothesis 1: Response to treatment will correlate with changes in QEEG metrics. Hypothesis 2: QEEG parameters, different from those that predict response to pharmacotherapy, will be associated with response to CBT.

The objective of this pilot study is to determine the genetic polymorphism rate of CYP450 2D6 and 2C19 metabolic enzymes in patients with significant adverse effects from antidepressants, compared to a population of patients who had no significant adverse effects from antidepressants metabolized by CYP2D6 and 2C19. The hypothesis for the proposed research is that the rate of 2D6 and 2C19 alleles that are associated with poor metabolizer status in the treatment-intolerant population will far exceed the rate found in patient population who takes antidepressants without adverse effects.

Poor adherence is a common reason for treatment failure in many fields of medicine, and likely affects common psychiatric treatments as well. Members of the present study team have used Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®) caps effectively to objectively monitor adherence in skin disease, and have shown that they provide a much more accurate measure of adherence behavior than self-reports, pill counts, or serum drug concentrations. The present study will use MEMS® caps to measure adherence in 10 patients with depression and 10 patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from a student clinic population. The aims will be to show the usefulness of MEMS® caps in measuring adherence to psychiatric treatment, and gather data on typical adherence rates for depression and ADHD patients on typical treatment regimens. The data obtained will be used to inform future studies that use an intervention to improve adherence behavior and ultimately disease outcomes.

The objective of this project is to examine the state of the brain in people over 50 years old suffering from late-onset depression by means of an extensive clinical assessment programme, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological testing, neurological examination, eye examination as well as blood and saliva samples. The results are to be compared with results from a control group matched for gender and age.

This study will examine how the brains of depressed people function during learning and respond to feedback. Participants perform a "probabilistic reversal learning task" to determine whether depressed people perform worse on a task than non-depressed people when they sometimes receive misleading negative feedback. Right-handed healthy volunteers, people with major depression who are currently depressed or have previously been depressed and people with bipolar depression between 18 and 50 years of age may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical and psychiatric history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, blood and urine tests. They are also interviewed to evaluate mood, sleep, energy, work and school performance, and social relationships, and asked to answer questions to investigate whether any history of paranoia, panic attacks, obsession, compulsions, suicidal thoughts, eating disturbances, and alcohol or drug abuse is present. They complete rating scales for depression, anxiety, and negative thinking; history of alcohol and tobacco use; physical movement; socioeconomic status; overall level of functioning; and depression type. Finally, they undergo a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess general intelligence, handedness, and specific cognitive abilities, including memory and concentration. Participants perform the probabilistic reversal learning task either in a testing room seated in front of a computer or lying down while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). FMRI is a diagnostic test that uses a strong magnet and radio waves to obtain pictures of brain structure and function. For the scan, the subject lies on a narrow bed with a plastic-encased metal coil close to the head. The bed slides into the scanner - a small tunnel about 6 feet long. All subjects, whether in the testing room or in the MRI scanner, undergo the learning task as follows: Two patterns are presented on a computer screen. One pattern is designated "correct" and the other "incorrect." Subjects are asked to choose the correct pattern on each try and are provided feedback as to whether the response was right or wrong. Sometimes the rule changes, and the pattern that was correct is now wrong, and vice versa, so that the new correct pattern must be chosen. In addition, misleading feedback is sometimes given intentionally, indicating the subject chose the wrong pattern when in fact the response was correct. Subjects should change their response only when they are sure that the rule has changed, and not because they were incorrectly told that they were wrong. For patients undergoing MRI, blood flow in the different areas of the brain is measured during the test. After the test, outside the scanner, participants undergo additional tests of attention, memory, and concentration like those that were administered during the screening procedures.

In this study researchers would like to learn more about the low levels of bone mineral density seen in approximately half of women in their forties diagnosed as currently having or previously had depression. Bones are always undergoing a process of building (formation) and breakdown (resorption). This process is referred to as bone remodeling. When more bone is formed than resorbed, the density (level of calcium) in bone increases and the bones become stronger. However, if more bone is resorbed than formed the density of bone decreases and the bones become weak. This condition is called osteoporosis. It is unknown if women with depression have decreased bone mineral density as a result of too much breakdown of bone or not enough building. It is important to know the cause of low bone mineral density because it will influence the way a patient is treated. Medications like bisphosphonates are used when there is too much bone breakdown. Growth hormone replacement can be given in cases where there is not enough bone production. Presently, bone biopsy and a procedure known as histomorphometry can determine what processes are going on in bones. Researchers have decided to use a sample of bone (biopsy) from part of the hip bone (iliac crest). In addition, researchers will collect a sample of bone marrow (the soft tissue found in the center of bones) to tell them more about the biochemical, cellular, and molecular processes that may be contributing to the problem of decreased bone density in depressed premenopausal women.