Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

This study will evaluate the safety of candidate malaria vaccine MSP3 in children aged 12-24 months in Tanzania in a highland area with low malaria transmission. Written informed consent will be sought from all guardians/parents of potentially participating children. Eligible children will be randomly allocated to receive either the the study vaccine (MSP3 for a total of 30 children)) or the control vaccine (hepatitis B for a total of 15 children). The vaccines will be given in 3 immunizations one month apart to all the study children and neither the clinical investigators nor the children's parents will be aware of which vaccine has been administered during the initial four months of the study. The study is designed to begin with a lower dose of the MSP3 vaccine (15µg of MSP3 for 15 children) and then followed by the higher dose(30µg MSP3 for 15 children). Following each immunization, children will be evaluated for a seven day solicited symptoms. Unsolicited symptoms will also be collected throughout the study duration. The study will be overseen by an international safety monitoring committee who will follow safety matters closely as the trial progresses. The study will also be approved by the Tanzania National ethics Committee, The Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, and the London school of hygiene and tropical medicine ethics committee. The study is planned to last 13 months for each participant.

This is a randomized, open, dose-selection Phase 1 study. The study aims to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of 3 doses (10,30 & 100 micrograms) of the GMZ2 hybrid (GLURP and MSP3) blood stage vaccine in healthy non-immune European adults. The vaccines will be administered with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. The safety and the tolerability of the vaccine will be assessed on the rate of solicited and unsolicited events/reactions related to the vaccine. The safety profile will include local and systemic reactions/events as well as the biological safety, based on a clinically significant change of the baseline value of the main biological criteria. The immunogenicity of the different formulation of the vaccine will be assessed on the level and the quality of circulating antibodies as well as the stimulation of the T-cell immune response.

This will be a study of the safety of MSP 3 LSP candidate malaria vaccine in children aged 1-2 years in Burkina Faso. Three imminizations at 28 day intervals will be administratered subcuteneously on the shoulder region. The study will compare MSP3 with Engerix B vaccine to evaluate whether it is just as safe to give to children in malaria endemic country. The study will also evaluate whether the vaccine induces the expected immune responses. Two dose levels of MSP 3 will be evaluated; 15µg and 30µg to determine the one with the best safety and immune response profile.

The main purpose of this trial is to study whether a certain blood test can reliably identify the presence of malaria in people who have been infected with, but who do not have symptoms of malaria.

This study, conducted by the National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control of Cambodia s Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, will explore whether the following factors confer protection against malaria and associated anemia: certain blood groups, the hemoglobin E variant, G6PD-deficiency and alpha-thalassemia. Malaria is caused by parasites (P. falciparum and P. vivax) that are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. This protocol includes two studies, a cohort study and a P. vivax collection study. Individuals are eligible for enrollment in the studies as follows: Cohort study: Residents of all ages of Kandal, Ekapheap and Sangkumthmey villages (Thmar Da commune) who plan to remain in Thmar Da commune for the next 5 years. P. vivax collection study: 2 years of age and older Participating in NIAID protocol 05-I- N210 ( Severe Malaria and Anti-malarial Drug Resistance in Cambodia ) and diagnosed with P. vivax malaria Participants undergo the following procedures: Cohort study: Baseline evaluation, including the following: Collection of demographic information Malaria history, temperature measurement and review of current symptoms, if any Blood draw of 300 microliters Additional blood draw of 10 milliliters in selected adults 18 years of age and older Treatment with artesunate-piperaquine at a commune health post for subjects who develop malaria Contact once a year for 5 years to determine continued residency in Thmar Da commune P. vivax collection study: Medical history and physical examination Hemoglobin level measurement Blood draw Treatment with chloroquine Blood draw 3 to 5 weeks after treatment in some patients 18 years of age or older

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost-effectiveness of treating malaria based on three methods of diagnosis (rapid test, microscopy and presumptive diagnosis) among patients attending level three government health centres located in areas of low and high transmission intensities in Uganda. The study hypotheses are: in both low and high transmission areas, cost-effectiveness of malaria treatment with Artemether-Lumefantrine will be improved by the adoption of rapid diagnostic tests when compared with presumptive diagnosis or microscopy; and the difference between the cost-effectiveness of Artemether-Lumefantrine treatment following rapid diagnostic test or microscopy versus presumptive diagnosis will be greatest in low transmission areas.

Health promotion in schools aims to improve the health and well being of students by empowering them with the knowledge, skills and confidence to take responsibility for their own health. We incorporated a malaria component to an established peer health education programme in schools in The Gambia, and evaluated its impact on knowledge attitudes and practice (KAP) of school students and their families using a cluster randomized design. Since malaria is a particular problem among children under 5 and pregnant women, students were encouraged to explain what they learned to their families, and we sought to evaluate whether the malaria messages were taken up by the students' families. Evaluation endpoints are KAP in students, and KAP in women living in the school students' home compound.

The safety and efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria and anaemia control in Infants (IPTi) have already been documented in Southern Tanzania, affording an opportunity to gain operational experience in developing a strategy for the longer-term implementation of IPTi. Working in conjunction with national and district-based health authorities, a strategy will be developed to make IPTi available through routine health services and an effectiveness evaluation conducted. This will be based on the comparison of process and outcome indicators in areas with and without IPTi. Information on safety will be consolidated and the effect of IPTi on the rate of development of drug resistance explored. The acceptability and costs of implementing IPTi will be monitored and combined with assessments of effectiveness (in terms of morbidity and mortality) to assess the cost-effectiveness of IPTi.

In many areas of the world most severely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, insect and water-borne diseases such as malaria and diarrheal disease are common causes of illness and death. In addition, diarrhea and malaria are more common and more severe among adults and children infected with HIV. These infections may modulate the immune system, affect the replication of the HIV virus and could result in more rapid HIV disease progression in co-infected individuals. Access to practical, inexpensive and easy to use interventions to prevent these diseases may be effective in delaying HIV progression. Current Kenya government and World Health Organization guidelines recommend the use of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMX]) to prevent co-infections, including malaria. Despite the provision of TMP/SMX to HIV-infected adults, infections with malaria and pathogens causing diarrhea remain common causes of morbidity and mortality in many resource-limited settings. In addition, TMP/SMX may not prevent all infections with malaria or other pathogens due to alternative mechanisms of action, antimicrobial resistance and non-compliance due to adverse events or other reasons. We propose a study to evaluate the impact of providing insecticide treated bednets and a simple water filtration device on markers of HIV disease progression among a cohort of ART naïve, HIV infected adults prescribed TMP/SMX in Kenya. In addition, we propose to evaluate the effect of these interventions on malaria and diarrheal disease incidence and on compliance with TMP/SMX.

Light microscopy, which is based on century-old technology, remains a key indicator in drug efficacy testing performed in the context of clinical trials for monitoring existing antimalarial drugs or in the context of regulatory clinical trials for registration of new drugs. It is one of the main diagnostic methods for malaria diagnosis in general, as in an ideal setting it can provide low-cost accurate diagnosis, determine the density of parasites in the blood, and accurately differentiate between different malaria parasite species, characteristics vital to the implementation of global plans for drug efficacy monitoring. Malaria rapid tests (RDTs), while useful for rapid diagnosis and case management, do not provide information on the parasite density nor the species differentiation necessary for research and drug efficacy assessment. Microscopy therefore retains key advantages over a number of newer technologies, but its reliability is severely impeded by dependence on high technical competence of the human operators as well as availability of high quality equipment and reagents. Recent studies have demonstrated frequent poor specificity and sensitivity associated with manual microscopy diagnostics in operational conditions. These drawbacks constitute a major limiting factor to effective monitoring and preservation of vital anti-malarial medicines. Advances in digital microscopy performance and affordability have now opened the door to potentially significant improvements in the performance of malaria microscopy, overcoming serious deficiencies in current drug efficacy assessment, and more broadly in malaria diagnosis and management. Global Good (GG)/Intellectual Ventures Laboratory (IVL) sponsored by the Global Good Fund, has developed a microscope prototype consisting of low cost components to scan and capture images from Giemsa-stained thick blood films on slides. The captured images are analyzed with custom image analysis software developed at GG/IVL, using algorithms that are designed for automatic malaria diagnosis, without user input. Versions of a prototype of the device were first tested in field settings in Thailand in 2014-2015 at clinics operated by the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) and then again in 2016-2017. When compared to expert microscopy at SMRU, the performance of the device with respect to diagnostic sensitivity (87.8%), species identification (85.6% species correctly identified) and parasite density estimation (44% of estimates within +/-25% of reference microscopy result) corresponded to WHO Competence Level 2. The device and the accompanying image analysis algorithms have since been further developed and a new, third version of the prototype is now available for testing in diverse settings with varying malaria prevalence and user expertise.