Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

This study evaluates the benefit to use 1) insecticidal paints, 2) larvicides, 3) Ivermectin for both human and domestic animals and 4) strengthened Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy to complement the universal coverage with LLINs through a cluster randomized trial.

Detection of the drug resistance molecular markers for falciparum and vivax in Longitudinal follow-up samples collected in Shwegyin Township, Bago Region that is Artemisinin Resistance Containment Tier I.

Malaria is still endemic in the interior of French Guiana. mixed infections by 2 or more different malaria parasites lead to complex and potentially harmfull therapeutic problems. The aim of the study was to look at malaria smears between 2000 and 2008 and determine using PCR the frequency of mixed infections, and their distribution in the terrtory of French Guiana. Overall 10.75% of 400 smears showed mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The Maroni river where Duffy negative populations live was largely devoid of vivax infections. These results suggest that mixed infections are frequent in french guiana except on the Maroni river which leads to practical implications for clinicians facing a patient with clinical malaria.

A cross-sectional study will be conducted in selected 2 sentinel sites for assessment of drug resistance falciparum and vivax among asymptomatic infection in migrant workers in Myanmar.

This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and practical value of two new molecular diagnostic assays compared to a more classical nested molecular diagnostic assay and the routine microscopy (both of which are the current gold standard) in detection of P. knowlesi.

The BLOOMy study is a longitudinal prospective cohort study of healthy children to assess the incidence of clinical malaria over the main transmission season. Participants will undergo baseline clinical and biological assessments then will receive a curative dose of either artesunate or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine to clear any existing parasitemia. Clearance of parasites will be confirmed 3 weeks later by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and only participants with negative PCR will be definitively enrolled for the longitudinal follow up. Both active and passive case detection will be used to ensure that capture of a high proportion of infections in the cohort is achieved. Blood samples for immunological assessments will be obtained at Day 0 of each positive blood smear episode before treatment and at Weeks 4 post treatment. Participants will be followed for a minimum of six months throughout the malaria peak transmission season.

The study will evaluate the household-level impact of IPT for malaria in schoolchildren on malaria transmission, using a randomized trial design. Two schools in Busia district will be randomly selected and randomize to either IPT with dihydroartemisinin piperaquine (DP, IPT arm), or standard of care (no intervention). A single dose/round of IPT with DP (40mg/320mg tabs, Fosun Pharmaceuticals) will be given to the children in the intervention arm. The full dose will be given as oral tablets once a day for 3 consecutive days to all eligible children in the intervention school. Surveys will be conducted in households of 100 randomly selected children in each of the study arms at baseline, one month and three months following the intervention. The target population will include all household members of the selected households.

Malaria is one of the major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa. In response to this threat, Roll Back Malaria (RBM) has rolled back a strategy using ACT as first line therapy for malaria episode, a wide distribution of Insecticide Treated Bednet (ITN), intermittent presumptive treatment of pregnant women and indoor residual spraying. Recent epidemiological observations suggested a decline in malaria prevalence in some countries but further evidences are still needed to confirm this evolution. The RBM strategy requires the use of reliable rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for which an operational assessment is necessary. Lastly, home-based management of malaria is also an important compound of this strategy. However, a better understanding of the actual use of antimalarial drugs, of the use of bednet and of the barrier to the use of health care is important to implement good quality strategies for malaria control. This study is a cross-sectional community based survey made of two rounds (one in January 2010 and the second in June 2010). The general objective is to measure the prevalence of infection with Plasmodium falciparum at two periods of the year (at the moment of lowest and highest transmission based on the seasonal rainfalls) and to compare it with the prevalence estimated in 2004 after the rainy season for the same area. Specific objective are the estimation of the prevalence by age stratum, the analysis of the geographical distribution of the infection, the description of the parasitological characteristics, the assessment of three RDT, the description and the analysis of the prevention and care seek behaviours related to malaria. The study area is the great Mbarara district located in south-west of Uganda. A three-stage cluster sampling method will be used. Spatial information will be collected with global positioning system and imported to Geographical Information System. Behaviour information will be collected through face to face interview.

Plasmodium falciparum parasite clearance rates (PCRs) after oral artesunate treatment of patients with uncomplicated malaria were recently found to be significantly slower in Pailin (Western Cambodia) compared to Wang Pha (Eastern Thailand). This difference in PCRs has been attributed to different histories of artesunate drug pressure in the two areas. In Pailin, artesunate monotherapy has been used inappropriately for 30 years and is hypothesized to have selected for artemisinin-resistant parasites (slow PCRs). To investigate the potential contribution of human factors to the artemisinin resistance phenotype, we have identified a study site in Eastern Cambodia where artemisinin-resistant parasites are not believed to be present. The main aims of this study are to 1) determine whether the artemisinin resistance phenotype (i.e., a half-life longer than the 2-hour half-life observed in Wang Pha) is present in Eastern Cambodia, 2) determine whether hemoglobin E affects parasite clearance rates in vivo, 3) determine whether age-associated acquired immunity affects parasite clearance rates in vivo, and 4) identify parasite-heritable traits that are associated with slow parasite clearance rates in vivo. To meet these aims, we are conducting a prospective, longitudinal study to recruit Cambodian residents of Lumphat District in Ratanakiri Province who complain of fever and/or symptoms of malaria. Patients diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria will be treated with weight-based doses of artesunate given orally each day for 3 days followed by mefloquine given orally for 2 days. During this time, finger prick blood smears will be obtained every 6 hours until parasite density is zero. From these data, we will estimate parasite clearance rates using a half-life parameter. We will also collect parasitized red blood cell samples from malaria patients prior to antimalarial drug administration. These parasites will be tested in short-term in vitro culture experiments to determine their susceptibility to artemisinins and other antimalarial drugs.

The purpose of this study is to determine the extend and the nature of anemia in school children and the correlation between anemia and schistosomiasis infections, malaria infections and/or malnutrition (iron deficiency).