Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

In this study, two experimental malaria vaccines (with adjuvants) are tested to evaluate and characterise how the vaccine exactly works on the immune system by comparing it to a control (without adjuvant). The Protocol Posting has been updated in order to comply with the FDA Amendment Act, Sep 2007.

The purpose of this study is to test three candidate malaria vaccines in new combinations to assess their efficacy at preventing malaria infection and triggering immune responses against malaria.

Malarone® (atovaquone/proguanil) is frequently used in malaria prophylaxis. Unfortunately, there are indications that certain anti-HIV agents may decrease atovaquone plasma levels by induction of atovaquone metabolism. For travelling HIV patients, the clinical consequences of these possible drug drug interactions are serious, since a diminished exposure to the anti-malarial drug will result in suboptimal prophylaxis of malaria and potential development of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The purpose of this study is to find out if HIV patients using HAART regimes with either lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz have lower atovaquone plasma levels than healthy volunteers after a single dose of atovaquone/proguanil.

Malaria is a parasite, infection with which kills over 2 million people each year. It is a major problem for those who live in endemic areas and for travellers. There is a great need for a safe effective malaria vaccine. The purpose of this study is to examine a new vaccine designed to provide immunity during the blood stage of the malaria parasite's lifecycle. The vaccine consists of AMA1-C1 which is a mixture of two recombinant synthetic AMA1 proteins from two Plasmodium falciparum strains, Alhydrogel® which is an aluminium-based adjuvant and CPG 7909 - an oligodeoxynucleotide, which enhances immune response. This study will enable the investigators to assess: The ability of of a growth inhibition assay to predict the effectiveness of a malaria vaccine. The safety of the vaccine in healthy volunteers The response of the human immune system to the vaccine

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a malaria vaccine, Ad35.CS.01, and how the body reacts to vaccination. Participants will include 48 Berkinabè healthy males and females ages 18-45 years in Burkina Faso. Volunteers for this study will be divided into 4 groups. Members of each group (12 per group) will receive an increasing dose of vaccine or placebo (an inactive substance). Ten will receive the malaria vaccine and 2 will receive placebo. Study procedures include: physical exam, urine sample, and blood samples. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for about 13 months.

Phase I/IIa double-blind randomized (adjuvant)-controlled trial. 16 volunteers are randomized to receive two doses of either 30 µg of PfCS102 formulated in Montanide ISA 720 (verum) or ISA 720 alone (control), 60 days apart. Two weeks after the 2nd immunization, 14 volunteers are challenged with bites of 5 infected mosquitoes using the NF54 strain of P. falciparum. The main outcome will be the length of time between artificial challenge and development of blood stage parasitaemia detected by microscopy performed twice a day.

Malaria is a major contributor of disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa: 90% of global cases occur there, and pregnant women and children under 5 years are the most vulnerable. Malaria in pregnancy increases risks of abortion, stillbirth, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and maternal anemia, and is associated with higher risk of low birth weight and perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality. For prevention and control of malaria in pregnancy, the WHO recommends Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) with antimalarial drugs, insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and effective treatment of malaria and anemia. HIV in pregnancy increases the risks of malaria, and it seems that the efficacy of IPT with the drug sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is decreased in HIV+ pregnant women. Malaria prevention in pregnancy in Zambia relies on ITNs and IPT with SP. Daily prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole (CTX) effectively reduces mortality and morbidity in HIV+ individuals, and antibiotic therapy during pregnancy might help to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes. CTX prophylaxis improves birth outcomes in HIV+ women with CD4<200/µl: a study concluded that antenatal provision of CTX was beneficial for HIV+ pregnant women with low CD4 but not in women with ≥200/µl (however, this study was carried out in an area with very low risk of malaria , and CTX may have a different effect depending on endemic conditions). The WHO recommends daily CTX in addition to ARVs, to prevent opportunistic infections in all HIV+ patients. Concurrent administration of SP and CTX may increase the incidence of severe adverse reactions in HIV+ patients, so WHO has promoted CTX prophylaxis as an alternative to SP for the IPT in immuno-compromised pregnant women. Unfortunately, there is insufficient information on the effectiveness of daily CTX for preventing malaria infection in pregnancy: so, SP is still the only antimalarial recommended by WHO for this purpose. With the increase in SP resistance and with the newer antimalarials still being studied for safety and efficacy in pregnancy, CTX could be an alternative for SP in reducing malaria and malaria-related morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. This study will try to to see if in HIV- and HIV+ pregnant women, CTX is not inferior to SP in reducing placental parasitaemia. Such information is needed to issue updated, effective guidelines on malaria prevention in pregnancy

The aim of the study is to determine whether piperaquine plus dihydroartemisinin (DHA-PQ) is as effective, and better tolerated, than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP+AQ), when used for seasonal Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) to prevent malaria in children aged 3 to 59 months in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso and to determine the pharmacokinetics of piperaquine in children.

In Central Vietnam, forest malaria remains difficult to control due to the complex interactions between human, vector and environmental factors. Untreated bednets had a significantly protecting effect for villagers, except for those regularly sleeping in the forest, who suffer a significantly higher number of clinical attacks. Thus, there is need to target this high-risk group with new intervention based on long-lasting insecticidal materials. Hammocks are extensively used by people working in the forest, therefore long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (LLIH) could achieve a good individual protection. The Investigators proposed to evaluate their effectiveness in a community-based trial, comparing them to the standard vector control methods (insecticide-treated nets).

This will be a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of antimalarial regimens in healthy schoolchildren. The primary objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of different combination antimalarial regimens, including amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), and placebo, to SP for intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in schoolchildren, as measured by risk of parasitaemia (unadjusted by genotyping) after 42 days of follow-up. This will assess both the efficacy for treatment of asymptomatic infections and the efficacy for prevention of new infections.