Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

Nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis has been shown to have a direct influence on the prognosis of these patients, it is related to higher mortality and it has been linked to the developement and perpetuation of certain complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Despite the importance of nutritional status in this patients, most of the methods for its assessment are still not completely reliable or not easily accessible; therefore, evaluating nutritional status in the daily clinical practice is still a complex task.

In geriatric patients, there is a plethora of nutritional and illness-related parameters, resulting in a complex situation which hampers identification of risk factors.In the planned prospective study, the point and period prevalence of wound healing disorders (WHD) is examined at admission and at discharge in a cohort of 517 male and female geriatric patients. As the investigators are also interested to study the occurrence of WHD in patients with malnutrition (and other geriatric phenomena) compared to the prevalence of WHD in patients with a good nutritional Status.

The purpose of this study is to determine if patients are able to reliably screen themselves for nutrition risk.

Early life malnutrition is associated with later life health problems, Particularly Stunting, which is a height-for-age Z score less than -2 standard deviation of World Health Organization median.Underweight is weight-for-age Z score less than -2 standard deviation of World Health Organization median. Wasting is weight -for- height Z score less than -2 standard deviation of World Health Organization median.

Malnourished patients are at risk of many complications, including infections, pressure ulcers and readmissions. Little is known about their care pathway after hospital discharge. This study aims to determine care pathways of malnourished patients after hospital discharge and to determine what they need to better take care of their malnutrition.

Aims: The CRANE feasibility study (A mixed methods study of malnutrition and sustainable nutritional intervention for patients undergoing cancer surgery in low- and middle-income countries) aims to investigate the identification of pre-operative malnourishment, data collection methods and acceptability of a nutritional intervention for a future trial to improve outcomes after cancer surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To identify and validate the most relevant nutritional screening tool for patients in LMICs undergoing surgery for cancer; To identify a low cost sustainable nutritional intervention for patients in LMICs undergoing surgery for cancer; To establish the feasibility of delivering a randomised trial of a sustainable nutritional intervention for patients in LMICs undergoing surgery for cancer. Design: A mixed-methods study comprising of qualitative work including focus groups and interviews, trial of data collection and validation to test feasibility in clinical practice Participants: Patients undergoing elective surgery for suspected cancer in LMICs Outcomes Work package (WP) 1: The primary deliverable is the identification of a relevant, pragmatic, and acceptable nutritional screening tool. WP 2: The primary deliverable is the identification of a low-cost and sustainable nutritional intervention. Focus groups and interviews will be held with patients and clinicians to explore the sustainability, implementation and acceptability of screening and interventions. WP 3: The primary outcome will be to determine feasibility and acceptability of trial design. A number of outcome assessments and data collection instruments will be evaluated for feasibility, including anthropometric parameters and patient outcomes (30-day mortality, major post-operative complications, length of hospital stay and quality of life). A final study design, analysis plan, and health economic plan will be developed. Sample size: For this feasibility study, the investigators will conduct multidisciplinary focus groups and interviews, perform and validate malnutrition screening in 200 patients across four countries and record patient 30-day outcomes. This will also include the time taken to collect data on 200 eligible patients. This sample size has been informed from previous malnutrition data originating from a large prospective international multicentre observational cancer study (GlobalSurg 3).

The CHAIN Network aims to identify modifiable biomedical and social factors driving the greatly increased risk of mortality among young undernourished children admitted to hospital with acute illness, as inpatients and after discharge. The study will inform priorities, risks and targeting for multi-faceted interventional trials. CHAIN is a multi-centre cohort study with a nested case control analysis of stored biological samples. Study sites are located in Africa and South Asia. Children will be recruited at admission to hospital, stratified by nutritional status. Exposures will be assessed at admission, during hospitalisation, at discharge, and at two time points after discharge. The main outcomes of interest are mortality, re-admission to hospital and failure of nutritional recovery up to 180 days after discharge. To determine community health norms, an additional sample of children living in the same communities will be enrolled and assessed at one time point only.

Malnutrition is considered one of the most prevalent risk factors for morbidity and mortality in children under five. An estimated 20% of children in the developing world are malnourished [1] and poor nutrition is linked to more than half of all child deaths worldwide [2]. Malnutrition in early childhood may lead to cognitive and physical deficits and may cause similar deficits in future generations as malnourished mothers give birth to low birth weight children [3]. In addition, malnutrition increases susceptibility and incidence of infections and is associated with diminished response to vaccines. The MAL-ED Project is designed to determine the impact of enteric infections/diarrhea that alter gut function and impair children's nutrition, growth and development to help develop new intervention strategies that can break the vicious enteric infection-malnutrition cycle and reduce its global burden. The overall objective of the MAL-ED Project is to quantify the associations of specific enteric pathogens, measures of physical and mental development, micronutrient malnutrition, gut function biomarkers, the gut microbiome, and immune responses in very young children in resource-limited settings across eight sites that vary by culture, economics, geography, and climate. The central hypothesis of the MAL-ED Project is that infection (and co-infection) with specific enteropathogens leads to impaired growth and development and to diminished immune response to orally administered vaccines by causing intestinal inflammation and/or by altering intestinal barrier and absorptive function. Data analyses will test for associations between enteropathogen infections and growth/development to help illuminate: which micro-organisms or mixed infections are most frequently associated with growth faltering and poor development; and at what age specific infections cause the most disruption to growth and development and impair immune response.