Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

A large number of children experience undernutrition related to or resulting from their illness. The NHS has recently published standards which state that all patients should be screened for undernutrition on admission and periodically during their stay at hospital. Although, recent studies have attempted to develop appropriate nutritional screening tool for children on admission, there is no agreement concerning the most appropriate criteria to be used and they have not been validated for use in infants. The project team have developed a preliminary tool that would be both simple and quick to use in order to identify infants who are either undernourished or at risk of undernutrition on admission and who would benefit from referral for full nutritional assessment by a dietician. The purpose of this study is establish whether an infant Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score for infants would be able to distinguish infants who are well-nourished from those undernourished or at risk of undernutrition. The researchers will recruit all newly admitted patients ( 210 infants with low, medium, and high risk of undernutrition) from selected wards at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow. The result from the infant screening tool will be compared with the rating using the longer Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment to test the ability of Infant Screening Tool to identify infants at high risk of malnutrition. The researcher will also measure the fat store using skinfolds and will compare the results among those rated high or low risk by the new tool. Finally, the utility of iPYMS score, growth trajectory, body mass index and behaviour questionnaire as predictors of low adiposity and stunting will be compared.

The purpose of this study is to examined the effect of malnutrition and/or inflammation on atherosclerosis and prognosis in hemodialysis.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is the most commonly used antipyretic and painkiller worldwide, but also the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in developed countries after supra-therapeutic doses (half overdoses being unintentional). At therapeutic doses (4g/day), up to one third of healthy volunteers develop liver test elevation and cases of ALF have been described in the presence of suggested risk factors such as malnutrition, fasting and low body weight as a result of glutathione depletion. However, no well conducted study has aimed to prospectively assess the impact of malnutrition/fasting on the toxicity to therapeutic doses of APAP. Considering the widespread use of APAP and the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients (up to 30%), it is of crucial importance to assess whether these patients are at higher risk of hepatotoxicity. It is indeed likely that cases of liver damage secondary to normal recommended dose are under-estimated in these situations as the dose is not perceived as excessive and not described as such in international guidelines for pain management. The primary objective of our project will therefore be to assess if malnutrition and fasting are risk factors for liver toxicity after therapeutic doses (4g/day) of APAP in surgery patients. The second objective will be to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of APAP and metabolites according to nutrition status in order to establish, if necessary, dose reduction guidelines. Developing and validating an early and easily accessible marker of hepatotoxicity would especially be useful in these putative higher risk and fragile populations in order to improve early detection diagnosis and allow earlier management.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of early vs late enteral feeding after abdominal surgery on neonatal outcome after surgery, weight gain, length of hospital stay, time to reach full enteral feeding, time to pass first stool, surgical site infections, sepsis and electrolyte disturbances.

This prospective observational study is planned to validate OSND against the prospective morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients and to examine the hypothesis that OSND risk stratification of chronic HD patients is useful in predicting outcomes and better than its component alone or in diverse combinations. The investigators specific aim is to validate OSND in chronic HD patients by comparing it with conventional measures of nutritional state, including blood tests, anthropometry, MIS, GNRI, bioelectric impedance analysis and several measures of clinical outcome including prospective mortality and hospitalization.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate pharmacokinetics of Daewon DW-ES(A) 625mg/5ml, Daewon DW-ES(B) 625mg/5ml and Megace 800mg/20ml in healthy male volunteers under fed condition.

The purpose of this study is to examined the effect of fetuin A on atherosclerosis and prognosis in hemodialysis patients.

According to the reports of the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), there is a 25% annual mortality rate with nearly 50% of all reported maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patient deaths attributed to atherosclerosis-related complications. Although traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, they alone may be insufficient to account for their high prevalence of CVD. Recent evidence demonstrated high plasma homocysteine levels have been established as a risk factor of chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis in patients with ESRD. Malnutrition and inflammation was associated with poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality. We, the researchers at National Taiwan University Hospital, hope to establish the best predictive profile of HD patient outcome. Thus, we establish several protocols to complete this work.

Malnutrition is an important complication of advanced kidney disease and impairment in smell and taste may affect nutritional status. This study will examine the association between impairment in smell and taste and nutritional and functional markers among patients with end stage renal disease, as well as risk factors for smell and taste impairment.

Test the ability of continuous measurements from a new sensor patch to set the hydration state in subjects who are malnourished/dehydrated or overhydrated or otherwise not optimally hydrated. Specifically, clinical examination, blood pressure, blood tests, and weight change at the admission and at the discharge will be used to establish the true hydration status of the subjects.