Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

This purpose of this study is to define the metabolic characteristics of individuals with Lean Diabetes. We aim to determine whether differences in body composition, including any differences in lipid (fat) deposition, exist compared to individuals with either known forms of diabetes (eg, type 1 and type 2), or individuals without diabetes. Diabetes affects the ability of the body to process glucose (sugar). Therefore, we also plan to investigate the ability of the hormone insulin to regulate changes in glucose in these individuals. Developing a greater understanding of the features of this condition could have tremendous therapeutic benefit for these individuals.

Cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent among cirrhotic patients and is an important prognostic factor. Nutritional assessment is therefore crucial for identifying patients at risk or with already established malnutrition and refer them for nutritional intervention and support. In the current literature, nutritional assessment of cirrhotic patients is performed using several tools and methods. However their accuracy is widely affected by the underline disease and its complications. In addition, for the majority of the parameters under study, no gold standard tools and methods have been established so far. Studies on nutritional assessment in cirrhosis usually focus on one or few aspects of nutritional status and not on a full nutritional assessment combining information from medical, biochemical, nutritional, and body composition variables. Hence, the present study aims at a thorough assessment of the nutritional status of 170 cirrhotic patients using multiple widely available tools and methods, in order to assess their accuracy and estimate the prevalence of multiple malnutrition phenotypes such as undernutrition, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and cachexia.

The objective of this study is to compare the quantity of Zn absorbed from an accurately weighed quantity (~100 g) of minimally milled control maize (~15 µg Zn/g maize), from biofortified maize (~30 µg Zn/g) and from the same control maize that has been fortified (total level of ~60 µg Zn/g) when fed to young children age 24-36 months whose major habitual food staple is maize.

Summer vacation is a 3-month window of vulnerability for children from low-income households when health behaviors and academic learning decay. The goal of this project is to collect information on where low-income children go during summer, what they do when they get there, and how their behaviors (physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and diet) differ between the summer (unstructured days) and school year (structured days). This study is 1) significant because it will provide evidence on potential points of intervention that can reduce or reverse the excessive unhealthy weight gains that occur during summer and 2) innovative because it will be the first to identify changes in activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors during prolonged and shorter periodic breaks from school and link these behaviors to changes in zBMI over time.

Nutrition in Disguise is focused on developing and testing the acceptability of nutrient dense food products appropriate for older adults and specifically those living in long term care.

INTRODUCTION In 2014, 50 million children under 5 suffered from acute malnutrition, of which 16 million suffered from SAM, most of them living in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. SAM children have higher risk of mortality (relative risk between 5 and 20). It is an underlying factor in over 50% of the 10 - 11 million preventable deaths per year among children under five. At present, 65 countries have implemented WHO recommendations for SAM treatment (both in-patient for complicated cases and outpatient for uncomplicated cases) but these programs have very low coverage, reaching only around 10 - 15 % of SAM children. In 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) issued a joint statement in an effort to harmonize the application of anthropometric criteria for SAM diagnosis and monitoring in child aged 6 - 59 months; the statement presents recommended cut-offs, and summarizes the rational for the adoption, of the following two anthropometric criteria: Weight-for-Height Z-Score (WHZ): "WHO and UNICEF recommend the use of a cut-off for weight-for-height of below -3 standard deviations (SD) of the WHO standards to identify infants and children as having SAM." Additionally, analysis of existing data show that children with a WHZ < -3 have a highly elevated risk of death. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): "WHO standards for the MUAC-for-age show that in a well-nourished population there are very few children aged 6 - 59 months with a MUAC less than 115 mm. Children with a MUAC less than 115 mm have a highly elevated risk of death compared to those who are above. Thus it is recommended to [use] the cut-off point [of] 115 mm to define SAM with MUAC." GENERAL OBJECTIVE To generate new evidence on pathophysiological process, nutritional needs and risks associated with different types of anthropometric deficits in children under 5, in order to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of SAM. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To compare nutritional status, metabolism, pathophysiological process and risks in different types of SAM anthropometric diagnosis, with or without concomitant stunting (growth retardation). To analyze the extent to which current SAM treatment is promoting recovery and healthy growth in different categories of children. To evaluate the relevance of current discharge criteria used in nutrition programs and their association with metabolic recovery, in different age groups and among those who are stunted. To test novel rapid tests of emerging biomarkers predicting long-term outcomes and mortality risk in the field. METHODOLOGY A wide range of supplementary information related to nutritional status, body composition, metabolic and immune status, including emerging biomarkers of metabolic deprivation and vulnerability, will be collected besides anthropometry during prospective observational studies. They will be collected with minimum level of invasiveness, compatible with field work requirements in the humanitarian context. Phase 1: Cross-sectional surveys. Phase 2: Prospective cohort studies involving SAM children between 6 months and 5 years old. Children admitted as SAM at the nutrition centers will be enrolled into the cohort. The follow up duration will be at least three months. EXPECTED OUTCOMES Confirmation of current hypotheses related to: possible misdiagnosis of SAM made by MUAC or WHZ criteria, varying degree of severity and need for admission to treatment of the different types of diagnosis, underlying heterogeneity of the pathophysiology. Generation of new algorithms for the assessment and classification of malnourished children, based on the combined use of emerging biomarkers and anthropometric measures, or on the modification of anthropometric criteria. Generation of new treatment paradigms based on the predictive value of biomarkers in combination with traditional anthropometric measures. This will enable us to assess the power of current treatment regimens to promote long-term weight gain and growth and will allow us to tailor treatment to the physiological needs of the child.

Malnutrition is a common medical problem in oncology patients. It is well known that the presence of malnutrition negatively affects patients' evolution and their quality of life, increasing the incidence of infection, hospital stay, and mortality. The new knowledge of cancer biology has made it possible to know the mechanisms of cancer progression. New treatments have been developed thanks to this knowledge including molecular target treatments aimed at these cancer mechanics and to reverse the antitumor capacity of the immune system. However, these treatments have different toxicities than classic and anachronistic treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, including alterations in glucose metabolism, endocrinopathies, rhabdomyolysis, etc. that can alter both the patient's nutritional status and quality of life. Additionally, a deficient nutritional status can have an impact on the intestinal microbiota, compromising the efficacy of the new antitumor treatments. The principal objective of this study is to characterize the nutritional status of the cancer outpatient receiving immunotherapy through a screening performed in Hospital consultations in Spain. Secondary Endpoints are (a). To describe the percentage of patients that receive nutritional counseling or nutritional support (enteral and/or parenteral nutrition) among those diagnosed as malnourished or at risk. And (b) to categorize the percentage and descriptive characteristics of cancer patients with mild, moderate, or severe malnutrition that goes to a hospital consultation in Spain and describe the percentage and descriptive characteristics of patients with malnutrition according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Dairy animals are an important source of income, food and nutrition security at the household level. However, substandard animal husbandry practices and limited understanding of disease prevention and control may limit dairy animal productivity. Interventions to address these issues may enhance milk production, substantially improving the well-being of smallholder farmers. In addition to increasing household income, greater milk production may improve the diet quality of household members, particularly children. Previously, the investigators implemented a program in rural Nepal promoting enhanced animal husbandry practices (GHP), focusing on mastitis control. Concurrently, the investigators found child milk intake was strongly linked to better growth and development. However, milk intake was limited and its availability was not examined. The investigators now propose to build on these prior activities and examine strategies to increase child milk consumption. The investigators plan to introduce a nutrition education program into 200 households (with young children) which previously received GHP training. A comparison group of 200 households will serve as the control. Household surveys will be conducted at baseline and endline to assess (1) household milk production and the sustainability of adoption of GHP routines, (2) the relationship of household milk production to child milk consumption, (3) household factors influencing child milk consumption (participation in nutrition education, mother's education, socioeconomic status, etc.), and (4) longitudinal child growth and development. In addition, a pilot study will determine if households can accurately record milk production and child milk intake. The project is designed to enhance understanding of the links between milk availability and child milk consumption in rural Nepal. It aims to explore whether milk consumption is limited by availability or other factors (nutrition awareness, socioeconomic status, maternal education). Additionally, the investigators will examine if optimization of milk consumption by young children can further boost their growth and development, and whether instruction in good animal husbandry practice and mastitis control is sustainable. These findings could more appropriately and efficiently direct resources to improve child nutrition and development and household dairy practices.

The purpose on this study was to determine whether the test product, Haloperidol Tablets, 2 mg (Cycle Pharmaceuticals Ltd), and the reference product, Haloperidol Tablets, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 2 mg (Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.) are bioequivalent under fed conditions.

Cancer patients are at high risk of undernutrition, which is generally more pronounced for solid tumours (upper digestive tract, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), bronchial tubes). This undernutrition leads to major weight loss and cachexia, and may represent the first sign of a call for a diagnosis of cancer. Cancer-related undernutrition is multi-factorial origins and has multiple consequences. Chemotherapy treatments can induce various adverse effects in patients, including sensory disturbances at the beginning of treatment in addition to disturbances that may already be present before any treatment. The alteration of taste and odour, observed in 86% of patients, can induce a change in food preferences, promote the development of aversions, and therefore, lead to a significant reduction in the pleasure of eating. Loss of appetite, decreased food intake and the development of aversions to certain foods are situations experienced by a large proportion of patients treated with chemotherapy. The assessment of taste disorders in patients treated with chemotherapy is established through the use of questionnaires, interviews and taste tests. Changes in the perception and identification of salty, sweet, bitter and sour flavours are common in patients treated with chemotherapy. As regards food products, patients report developing olfactory hypersensitivity mainly for food of animal origin, in particular for odours of fish, frying, cheese and eggs. The CANUT project aims to study the effect of pathology and chemotherapy on gustatory and olfactory mechanisms, and in particular on interindividual differences in the perception and appreciation of food. In order to monitor the evolution of patients' eating habits over time, the diet-related quality of life questionnaire (CANUT-QVA) was constructed from items selected from the Well-being related to Food questionnaire (WELLBFQ) after eliminating questions that were too general or expressed in terms of importance to use perception-related responses as a priority. After this part, an evaluation of the 9 dimensions of the CANUT-QVA questionnaire will be performed.