Active clinical trials for "Meningitis"

The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a personalized patient education program to the current hospital education and evaluate its impact using patient satisfaction scores. The investigators hypothesize that a personalized patient education intervention will increase patient's understanding of their diagnosis and satisfaction with the care as reflected in the survey results.

The purpose of this study was to collect large volumes of matched pairs of pre- and post-vaccination sera from healthy subjects who administered GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' vaccine against meningitis- MenACWY vaccine (Menveo) or rMenB+OMV NZ vaccine (Bexsero), which serves for the development, qualification, validation, and maintenance of immunological assays which supports the preclinical research activities and clinical development of GSK Biologicals' vaccines. The safety of the subjects given one of the two vaccines (Bexsero or Menveo), as per the recommended dosage and schedule were assessed during their participation in the study.

Title: Impact of daily zinc supplementation to infants born with low birth weight on mortality and severe disease requiring hospitalization Background: Zinc supplementation was shown to prevent diarrhea and pneumonia in 6 month to 3 year old children. Little is known about the impact of zinc supplementation of low birth weight (LBW) babies during first 6 months of life. Objective: The objectives were to determine the impact of daily zinc administration at 1RDA (5 mg) of elemental zinc to LBW infants on severe morbidity requiring hospitalization and on all cause mortality. Design: In a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial 2012 hospital-born infants with a birth weight <2500 g were randomly assigned to receive zinc or placebo for 6 months. Zinc group received 5 mg elemental zinc as acetate daily from 4 weeks age. Cause specific hospitalization deaths, episodes of diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, other illness, visits to health care providers and hospital OPDs were ascertained by in-depth interview and from documents like prescriptions, hospital tickets, medicine cartons at 3 and 6 months of age. Results: Number of infants with one or more diarrhea episodes was less by 17% (95% CI: 1% to 35%) in the zinc group but the numbers for ARI were similar in the two groups. The hospitalization rates due to all causes or diarrhea or ARI were similar in the two groups. Twelve in the zinc group and 9 in the placebo group died during 4 weeks to 6 months (p=0.36). We observed no significant difference for gain in weight and length at 3 months and 6 months between the groups. In a subgroup of infants the mean serum zinc concentration in the zinc group was 27% higher (p=0.004) than the placebo group. Conclusion: Hospital born, low birth weight infants do not seem to derive worthwhile benefit from daily zinc supplementation of recommended dietary allowance for zinc in terms of morbidity and growth during first six months of life.

Feeding preterm infants is of great challenge in the NICUs. Mother's own milk is considered as the best for the digestive system followed by donor milk. Preterm infant formula is related to more feeding problems and other gut complications in these babies, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Bovine colostrum contains higher amounts of protein, growth factors and immuno-regulatory components (e.g. immunoglobulins), which has been used in many other situations to promote health. The investigators plan to give bovine colostrum to preterm infants with birth weights between 1000 and 1800 g, or born between 27+0 and 32+6 weeks of gestational age, in order to promote feeding and intestinal health in these babies. This current study is a feasibility pilot study and the investigators hypothesized that supplementing BC to MM (if available) is safe and tolerable when used within the first 10-14 days of life in preterm infants.

Three induction treatment strategies [ voriconazole +5FC vs. amphotericin deoxycholate (0.4-0.5 mg/kg/d)+5FC vs. amphotericin deoxycholate (0.7-1.0 mg/kg/d)+5FC ] for HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis were compared.

Current treatment options for bilateral profoundly deaf children, diagnosed with inner ear anatomical abnormalities, are limited and, in the case of absent cochleas, non-existent. An auditory brainstem implant (ABI) places an electrode close to the auditory nucleus in the brainstem. Children aged 2 - 5 who are not candidates for a cochlear implant, or who did not demonstrate benefit from a cochlear implant, will be implanted with an ABI and followed for 1 year for safety and a total of 3 years for preliminary efficacy. This is a feasibility study to determine the safety of the ABI.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate with or without flucytosine followed by fluconazole for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis.

The main purpose of this study is to observe the clinical effect of intrathecal administration of liposomal amphotericin B in Cryptococcal Meningitis without Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

The genetically polymorphic N-acetyltransferase type 2 (NAT2) is responsible for isoniazid metabolism, and rapid acetylators were associated with low concentrations of isoniazid based on previous studies. The investigators hypothesize that among rapid acetylators high dose isoniazid would result in lower rates of death and disability in patients with tuberculous meningitis than the rates with the standard regimen. The investigators recruited patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years with newly diagnosed TBM, then NAT2 genotype will be characterized by using High-Resolution Melting Kit (Zeesan Company, Xiamen). Participants with slow or intermediate acetylators will be administered with standard chemotherapy. For participants with rapid acetylators, patients were stratified at study entry according to the modified British Medical Research Council criteria (MRC grade), then randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either standard or with high dose isoniazid treatment. All patients received antituberculosis treatment, which consisted of isoniazid (standard dose or high dose), rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 3 months, followed by isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol at the same doses for an additional 9 months. All patients received adjunctive treatment with dexamethasone for the first 6 to 8 weeks of treatment. 338 participants with rapid acetylators were randomly assigned to group B (standard treatment) and group C (high dose isoniazid), respectively. At the same time, 338 participants with slow or intermediate acetylators were recruited to group A (standard treatment). The primary outcome was death or severe disability 12 months after enrollment. Secondary outcome measures were coma-clearance time, fever-clearance time, and difference of laboratory examination (protein concentration, chloride, glucose and white cell counts) of cerebrospinal fluid.

The trial is an interventional, cluster-randomized trial to assess the impact of oral ciprofloxacin for household and community contacts of meningitis cases on the incidence of meningitis during an epidemic. The trial contains a nested sub-study ("resistance study") to assess the effect of a single dose of ciprofloxacin on the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacteriaceae in the study area.