Active clinical trials for "Intellectual Disability"

Intellectual disabled persons faced more dental problems. According to a medical review paper of international and local studies, this group has poorer dental hygiene, more severe gum disease and more untreated caries. In 2010, a report from the guardians in Hong Kong mentioned that most adults with intellectual disability cannot clean their teeth, the have dental problems and it is very difficult for intellectually disabled students to co-operate during the dental treatment. In order to alleviate their dental problems, supervised toothbrushing programme and an oral health education talk are proposed. The investigators investigate the effectiveness of the supervised toothbrushing programme and an oral health education talk. The target group of the study is mild to moderate grade intellectual disabled students of special schools in Hong Kong. A clustered randomised controlled trial design is adopted.

Goal The overall aim of the study is to improve the health of persons with Intellectual disabilities

Being a parent to an adult person with learning disabilities can be very stressful, and can lead to experiencing mental health problems. Not much is known about what sort of support services should be offering to these parents; and not many options are available as a result. This study will try to find out if a short intervention, known as a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), can be of help to these families. A mindfulness-based intervention is one that aims to increase someone's mindfulness, which is the ability to be aware of the present, in a non-judgemental fashion. Simply put, what the investigators would like to find out from this study is: "Can a short course of MBI help improve the well-being of parents of adults with learning disabilities?" To answer this question, the investigators will seek to invite parents to attend a mindfulness course of the duration of 4 sessions. Parents will be invited to participate by NHS staff at their local Community Learning Disabilities Team, who will hand out information sheets and consent forms. Parents will be informed that they may choose to withdraw from the study at any time without this having any negative effect. The investigators will also ask parents to provide feedback on their experience of the course using online questionnaires. Parents will be asked to complete the questionnaires at 6 points: 1 month before the start of the course, at the start of the course, at the end of the course, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the course has ended. This way, the investigators will be able to track any changes in how parents rate their well-being; and if these changes persist in the long-term. At the end of the study, participants will be offered information on the results.

Development of a new MS-based biomarker for the ear-ly and sensitive diagnosis of GM1/GM2 from blood

The model of care for forensic psychiatry in Italy was changed by law (Law 81/2014) so that the six legacy secure forensic hospitals (Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals, OPG) were closed and new secure community residences for the execution of security measures (REMS) were opened in each of the 20 regions of Italy. This transition was in place by 2015. This observational study evaluates the health gains for patients both previously in OPGs and those admitted first to REMS. Health gains assessed include recovery measured by symptoms, function, need for therapeutic security and recovery of legal autonomy.

The aim of this study is to evaluate performances of a NIPT test based onto the study of the maternal blood to search known genetic mutations already detected in the family and potentially inherited by the fetus. This test will avoid an invasive prenatal diagnosis in those families with a known genetic risk. The performance of this test will be evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity with an adapted statistic model. Secondary objectives of the protocol are To adapt NIPT to small DNA quantity (5-50 ng) To adapt bioinformatics pipeline to low rate of mosaicism To develop a tool to quantify the fetal fraction To evaluate the robustness of the method This test is based onto capture and high throw put sequencing adapted to cell free plasmatic DNA of pregnant women in order to detect point mutation present in her fetus. This approach has been previously described for others clinical applications such as liquid biopsy in cancers but not for NIPT analysis.

Mental disorders have been shown to be associated with a number of general medical conditions (also referred to as somatic or physical conditions). The investigators aim to undertake a comprehensive study of comorbidity among those with treated mental disorders, by using high-quality Danish registers to provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates between the ten groups of mental disorders and nine groups of general medical conditions. The investigators will examine the association between all 90 possible pairs of prior mental disorders and later GMC categories using the Danish national registers. Depending on whether individuals are diagnosed with a specific mental disorder, the investigators will estimate the risk of receiving a later diagnosis within a specific GMC category, between the start of follow-up (January 1, 2000) or at the earliest age at which a person might develop the mental disorder, whichever comes later. Follow-up will be terminated at onset of the GMC, death, emigration from Denmark, or December 31, 2016, whichever came first. Additionally for dyslipidemia, follow-up will be ended if a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease was received. A "wash-out" period will be employed in the five years before follow-up started (1995-1999), to identify and exclude prevalent cases from the analysis. Individuals with the GMC of interest before the observation period will be considered prevalent cases and excluded from the analyses (i.e. prevalent cases were "washed-out"). When estimating the risk of a specific GMC, the investigators will consider all individuals to be exposed or unexposed to the each mental disorder depending on whether a diagnosis is received before the end of follow-up. Persons will be considered unexposed to a mental disorder until the date of the first diagnosis, and exposed thereafter.

This survey aims to investigate the prevalence of spasticity among adults who live in community settings in Davidson County, Tennessee. The treatment of spasticity in those who live in community homes could significantly increase a person's quality of life by allowing them to participate more independently in activities of daily living, or by making assistance easier for caregivers.

A case report of a patient with intellectual disability and neurogenic bladder complicated with sepsis

Background: - Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and MC4R genetic mutations are two conditions that can cause problems with appetite regulation. People with PWS often have behavior and thinking problems. People with MC4R mutations may have problems with attention. These problems may be related to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a protein that is important for brain development. Researchers want to study people with PWS and MC4R mutations to see how BDNF is involved in these conditions. Specifically, body weight and brain function will be studied, and compared with healthy volunteers. Objectives: - To study how BDNF affects body weight and brain function in people with PWS and MC4R mutations. Eligibility: Individuals of any age who have Prader-Willi syndrome or MC4R genetic mutations. Healthy volunteers of any age to act as control participants. Design: Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. Height, weight, and waist/hip circumferences will be measured. Blood samples will be taken for genetic and other tests. Participants will fill out questionnaires about eating habits, pain perception, and sleep behavior. Participants will keep a 3-day food diary to record all food and drinks eaten. Tests and questionnaires will be given to study thinking, speech, movement, behavior, and mood. Some tests will be done on a computer; other tests will be on paper. Tests may also involve performing tasks with blocks and other objects. Participants may have other tests as directed. These will include hot and cold sensitivity tests, imaging studies like x-rays, and measurements of body fat and water content. Treatment will not be provided as part of this study.