Active clinical trials for "Metabolic Syndrome"

The objectives of this clinical trial are to evaluate the effectiveness of an iridoid enriched beverage containing noni and cornelian juices and olive leaf extract on advanced glycation end product levels.

Dietary fibers including resistent starch, RS, and arabinoxylans, AX, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and to change the composition of the faecal micro flora in the colon. In this unblinded dietary intervention cross-over study 20 subjects with metabolic syndrome are randomized to two types of diet intervention: a low and a high fiber diet. The participants are subjected to endoscopy before and in the end of each intervention.

The metabolic syndrome may be defined as the constellation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that comprises obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lack of habitual physical activity and certain dietary patterns, including high-saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake, contribute to increase the risk of CVD, whereas the greatest risk reduction is related with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), mainly from olive oil, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Vitamin B3, as a major substrate for nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), has also emerged as a nutritional intervention strategy for prevention of CVD. NAMPT has been shown to exert activities of central importance to cellular energetics and innate immunity. Within the cell, NAMPT is the rate-limiting step in a salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. By virtue of this role, it can regulate cellular levels of NAD+ and thereby NAD+-consuming enzymes. NAMPT is also released by a variety of cells, and elevated levels can be found in the systemic circulation of subjects with a range of inflammatory disorders. Recent evidences suggest that, primarily due to its high MUFA content, olive oil is useful as an optimal fat for the modulation of CVD risk factors in the postprandial state. In addition, NAMPT has been shown to correlate with triglycerides in the fasting plasma, and a potential regulatory role for fatty acids on NAMPT expression has been proposed. The global aim of the project is to assess whether olive oil (MUFA), compared to other dietary fatty acids (SFA and omega-3 PUFA) and in association with vitamin B3 could have benefits on NAMPT-related inflammation and atherosclerosis. We hope to provide important novel insights on the relationship among dietary fatty acids, NAD+ metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. This aim is expected to be achieved in one principal objective: To elucidate the influence of olive oil (MUFA), butter (SFA) or fish oil (omega-3 PUFA) meals supplemented by vitamin B3 on postprandial NAMPT modulation and its involvement on leukocyte inflammatory response in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Bed rest produces insulin resistance in healthy volunteers. In this study the investigators aim to investigate the effect of 8 days bed rest on the incretin effect and how alternate daily fasting affects cognitive function and the insulin resistance produced by bed rest. The subjects will be randomized to either 3 meals a day (isocaloric diet), alternate daily fasting or one meal/day every second day (25% of daily calorie need) and four meals/day every second (175% of daily calorie need). The investigators hypothesize: Bed rest reduces the incretin effect Alternate daily fasting improves the cognitive function (memory and concentration) compared to isocaloric diet Alternate daily fasting reduces insulin resistance produced by bed rest compared to isocaloric diet

In people with the metabolic syndrome, the investigators hypothesize that administration of a single 300 mg dose of a grape seed extract (GSE) will reduce insulin resistance (how well cells in the body can take up and use glucose), oxidative stress, and the amount of oxidized LDL in the blood during a 24 hour period. These measurements will be assessed at hourly intervals during the 24 hour study day protocol. Additionally, the investigators hypothesize that daily administration of 300 mg of GSE for 30 days will decrease baseline insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and the level of oxidized LDL in the blood.

The purpose of this study is to better understand the link between obesity and diabetes or pre-diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal peptide hormone secreted in a nutrient-dependent manner that stimulates the pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin in response to the same amount of blood glucose. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 secretion is lower than normal, thus suggesting that the hormone may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Whether infusion of GLP-1 affects endothelial function and glucose uptake in humans has never been investigated. In the current proposal, the investigators hypothesize that GLP-1 administration might ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. To test this hypothesis, the investigators will evaluate the acute effects of GLP-1 in the forearm circulation of patients with metabolic syndrome during local hyperinsulinemia by use of the forearm perfusion technique.

The purpose of this study is to determine the variability in glycemic index determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The study will also evaluate the changes in insulin and free fatty acid levels, plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, C-reactive protein-a marker of inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin- a marker of glucose metabolism during a five-hour period after eating the food or foods. Additionally, supplementary data on variation in oral sensation, habitual food intake, food preferences and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviors (supported by a grant from the Tufts Ross Aging Initiative) will be related to the outcomes on the present study.

The metabolic syndrome is associated with hyperdynamic circulation and sympathetic activation. Recently, Bakker et al. (Atherosclerosis 2002) described the hypothesis that free fatty acids are responsible for this association. The investigators hypothesize that in patients with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, an increased intracellular concentration of long-chain fatty acyl (LCFA)-CoA (the intracellular equivalent of free fatty acids) induces an increase in adenosine. Adenosine receptor stimulation, in turn, induces vasodilation and sympathetic activation. The investigators aimed to assess this effect of free fatty acids on the adenosine system in healthy volunteers.

The Effect of Feedback on Physical Activity Surveillance using Wearable Device-Smartphone Application for Resolution of Metabolic Syndrome in Aged 60 or older; a 12-Week Randomized Control Study