Active clinical trials for "Metabolic Syndrome"

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of the antioxidant "resveratrol" to a diet intervention (Calorie Restriction) to determine how each of them affects the following: gene expression profile, cholesterol (lipids), how well the hormone insulin works to control your blood sugar, and other blood and tissue markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health. Resveratrol is found in grape skin, wine, peanuts, and mulberries and is thought to have health benefits such as improving fat metabolism, insulin action, and possibly extending lifespan. Resvida™ is the name for the dietary supplement containing the natural antioxidant "resveratrol". Resvida™ will be supplied by DSM Nutritional Products, Ltd. Resvida™ is considered a dietary supplement, and therefore it is not an approved drug by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is regulated like a food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and dietary supplements. The makers of Resvida™ make no claim that this supplement is meant to treat any ailment. Calorie restriction (CR) is a low calorie diet (about 30% fewer calories than the American Dietetic Association (ADA) recommends). Calorie restriction has also been linked to health benefits (enhanced cardiovascular and metabolic health) and an extended lifespan. This study is designed to compare the health benefits of both resveratrol and CR and to determine if resveratrol mimics some of the health benefits shown with CR.

Rationale: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is strongly increasing in developed countries. The role of the small intestine seems important in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Although it is known that a high-fat Western-style of diet has deleterious effects on (post-prandial) lipidemia and glucose homeostases, effects of such a diet on the small intestine is not known. To elucidate the role of the small intestine on the early development of the metabolic syndrome, the effects of a high-fat (HF) and a low-fat (LF) diet will be examined on gene expression in the small intestine and early biomarkers in blood of healthy subjects. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare in healthy subjects the effects of a HF diet (40 En% fat) with those of a LF diet (20 En% fat) on early biomarkers and parameters of metabolic stress in blood and on expression of genes in the small intestine. Additional research objectives are: To compare the diet-induced changes in transcriptome profile of the small intestine with more easily accessible peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) To establish effects of HF and LF diet on basal gut permeability and after a chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) load (second hit). Study design: Randomised crossover design. The duration of the experimental periods (HF and LF diet) will be 28 days, separated by a wash out period of at least 3 weeks. At day 21 of each intervention period a postprandial test will be performed and duodenum biopsies will be taken. At day 25 and 28 of each intervention period, respectively, basal gut permeability and gut permeability after a CDCA load will be determined with a sugar recovery test. Study population: Ten healthy men in the age of 18-60 years, without a history of any gastrointestinal disorders or complaints. Intervention: Subjects will consume in random order: a HF diet (40 En% fat, 45 En% carbohydrates and 15 En% proteins) a LF diet (20 En% fat, 65 En% carbohydrates and 15 En% proteins) Primary study parameters/endpoints: Potential early biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome in blood and gene expression profiles in the small intestine. Secondary study parameters/endpoints: Parameters of the metabolic syndrome in blood, gene expression profiles in PBMC and gut permeability.

"No clinical differences will be found between the three antipsychotics under study - olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol - on the patients' metabolic profile and weight. "

In 2004, almost 60% of adult Canadians were overweight or obese. This is a serious health concern due to the burden of common health risks associated with being overweight and obese, including increased blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure. Together these risks are known as metabolic syndrome. Obesity, the most common nutrition problem in Canada, can in many cases be treated through changes in our diet (what we eat and/or how much we eat). Pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas) when eaten on a regular basis may result in decreased health risks associated with being overweight and obese. The purpose of this study is to find out whether eating pulses (5 cups per week) results in improvements in metabolic syndrome risk factors. We also want to determine whether the consumption of pulses alters the levels of satiety hormones (hormones that make us feel hungry or full) in the blood. This study will have 50 participants.

Sirtuin activators may prove useful in treating age-related diseases and extending lifespan in humans. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol found in red wine, has been shown in vitro to enhance SIRT1 activity. RSV is associated with some of the beneficial effects of red wine or the "French Paradox". Recently RSV has been associated with increasing lifespan in mice on a high calorie diet and improved metabolic profile and activity levels. The effect of this small molecule in humans is unknown. Preclinical observations suggest that RSV is safe and has enormous potential in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in humans. This pilot study will examine the effect of RSV on improving the metabolic profile of adults with insulin resistance. Specifically, this randomized double blind placebo controlled study will examine the effects of 4 weeks of supplementation with RSV 5.0 grams daily, compared to placebo control (PC) on the metabolic profile of 36 men and women over the age of 50 with insulin resistance (IR) consuming a typical western diet consisting of at least 40% calories from fat.

The aim of this study is to explore if a 8-weeks dietary intervention with polyphenols and omega 3 fatty acids (alone or combined) may be effective on postprandial lipids metabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors in people at high cardiovascular risk.

The metabolic syndrome is a medical condition defined by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, high blood pressure, central obesity (gain in fat around the region of the stomach), and insulin resistance (body responds less well to insulin). This state of impaired insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the U.S. Numerous studies have shown an inverse relationship between insulin resistance and testosterone levels in men, however, causality has not been established. This protocol investigates the role of testosterone in modulating insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome. The hypothesis is that testosterone administration will improve insulin sensitivity.

Study Title: Diogenes, A randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of reduced-fat diets varying in glycaemic index (high vs. low) and protein content (high vs. normal) on bodyweight in overweight and obese subjects after an initial weight loss.

The traditional risk factors for obesity are inappropriate diet, lack of exercise and genetic factors. However, recent observations have involved gut microbiota profiles as having an additional influence. In this case, there exists the possibility to modulate this through diet. Research has shown that the gut microbiota of both obese humans and mouse models of obesity is altered towards less beneficial one compared to lean counterparts. This raises the possibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a novel strategy in tackling the epidemic of obesity and diabetes sweeping the developed world. In addition, a more direct effect of high-fat induced disruption of the intestinal microbiota has also been seen with a murine model. Elevated circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) a major building block and antigen of Gram-negative bacteria, was shown to generate a low grade chronic inflammation, termed metabolic endotoxemia, which then onsets insulin resistance. High-fat diets were shown to disrupt the Gram-negative intestinal populations of these animals, liberating LPS. The effects of prebiotics on the microbiota or metabolic syndrome (combination of disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes) in overweight adults have not been investigated thus far. The investigators therefore propose to investigate the effect of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on the faecal microbiota and metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight adults in a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, cross-over trial.

Metabolic syndrome has been defined as a group of associated risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases and diabetes. It is usually treated with an association of restrictive diet, physical exercise and drugs. Nevertheless the type of exercise associated to reduction in cardio-vascular risks is not yet fully defined. Long term effects of such hygienic-diet programs are of great importance since it is well-known that compliance to such treatment are of short duration, namely when subjects return in routine life. Metabolic syndrome volunteer subjects (n=90), aged 50 to 70 yrs will be randomly assigned to 3 groups of investigation.One group will perform mostly resistance activity, a second mainly endurance activity and the third one will be composed of subjects not exercising a lot. All subjects will have the same restrictive diet (500-700 kcal/d) After the initial training (3 weeks), they will return home with diet and physical program advises (personal compliance). They will be followed for one year (at 3, 6 and 12 months) Such a design may allow to find out the type of activity and power that are the best to reduce metabolic syndrome parameters and cardio-vascular risk factors. The primary outcome variable is the reduction in abdominal circumference, which is the main criteria of MS.