Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a fairly well-documented clinical phenomenon. Most patients will receive general anesthesia during surgery. Two groups of general anesthetics are used for this purpose. We hypothesize that the incidence of POCD is not different in patients received intravenous anesthetics only or sevoflurane (a volatile anesthetic-based general anesthesia) for their major intra-abdominal surgery.

The principal aim of this study is to verify whether a program of supervised, multimodal physical exercise improves cognitive function and/or reduces the rate of cognitive decline in older adults

This was a Phase 2, multicenter study to assess the extent and patterns of [18F] flutemetamol uptake in the brains of 3 groups of Japanese subjects: healthy volunteers (HV), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD), and to assess the reproducibility of brain uptake and of image interpretation. Subjects underwent open-label intravenous (i.v.) administration of Flutemetamol F 18 Injection and Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the brain. Blinded visual image reads were performed by 10 independent board-certified readers (5 Japanese and 5 non-Japanese) with nuclear medicine image interpretation experience. The blinded visual assessments were compared with the subject's clinical diagnoses, and the agreement between the image interpretations made by the 2 groups of readers (Japanese and non-Japanese) was determined.

The study involved Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and more specifically computer exercises blended with game activities. It was hypothesized that ICT facilitated, game blended combined cognitive and physical exercise improves global cognition when compared to a control group; and that the number of sessions within exercising participants predict cognitive benefits. In addition, we explored the impact of potential moderators on combined exercise-induced cognitive benefits.

Evaluate florbetapir (18F) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for distinguishing Japanese healthy control subjects, from Japanese subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the Karie Automated Medication delivery device in enhancing medication adherence among a group of elderly patients with mild to moderate cognitive decline.

The primary aim of our prospective, randomized, double-blind interventional clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of high dose atorvastatin therapy to reduce post operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery. We hypothesize that therapy with high dose atorvastatin will significantly reduce the incidence and/or severity of POCD.

The investigators propose to conduct a series of N of One (No1) single blinded clinical trials to pilot the feasibility of using the iron-chelator deferiprone on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Chelation therapy has previously been reported to slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by 50% in a single human randomized clinical trial.

Background: - Varenicline (Chantix ) is a drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to help people stop smoking. Varenicline is very effective in helping some people quit smoking, but is less effective for others. Researchers are interested in conducting more in-depth studies into how varenicline works, including its effect on smokers' responses to items that may trigger cigarette cravings, in order to develop better smoking cessation medications. Objectives: - To examine the effectiveness of varenicline as an effective medication for tobacco addiction by studying its effect on nicotine reinforcement, nicotine-seeking behavior, cue-elicited craving, and performance impairment and craving after overnight tobacco deprivation. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 50 years of age who have been smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 2 years. Design: This study will require 12 study visits. Some visits will be brief and other visits that involve test sessions will last up to 8 hours. If no sessions are repeated, the study will take 26 days. Participants will not be required to attempt to quit smoking during this study. Participants will be screened with a full physical examination and medical history, blood and urine tests, and other tests as required by the study researchers. Participants will take two sets of pills during the study: the first set during the first 12 days of the study, followed by a 2-day break, then the second set during the last 12 days. Some of the pills will contain varenicline, and others will be placebos. On Day 1 of the study, participants will come to the National Institute on Drug Abuse to receive the first set of pills. Participants will take the first pill before leaving. On Day 8, participants will have a training session that will measure the amount of carbon monoxide in the breath. Participants will also complete several questionnaires about smoking habits and current mood, and will have a chance to practice the procedures they will do in the study. On Days 9 and 10, participants will have behavioral test sessions that will last 7 to 8 hours. Day 9 will involve tests of cue response to items that may trigger cigarette cravings, and tests of general nicotine cravings over several hours. Day 10 will involve tests of general nicotine cravings over several hours, and then tests of nicotine-seeking behavior. Participants will be provided with lunch during these all-day sessions. On Day 11, participants will have memory and attention tests, and will provide a blood sample. Participants will not be allowed to smoke for 12 hours before the start of the next test on Day 12. On Day 12, participants will provide a breath sample, and will have two sets of memory and attention tests before they will be permitted to start smoking again. There will be no tests on Days 13 and 14. Starting on Day 15, participants will repeat the schedule of tests from Days 1 through 12 with the second set of pills.

MCI with ageing is thought in part to be related to reduced serum sex hormones which is well-recognised, especially in females, but poorly understood. International studies assessing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to prevent/reduce MCI are ongoing. MCI leads to morbidity, reduced quality of life and substantial healthcare costs. The commonest therapeutically induced reduction in sex hormone level in men is treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa is androgen dependent and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) suppressing testosterone to castrate levels is key therapy for advanced disease. About one million men worldwide have received ADT for PCa, mostly using luteinising hormone releasing-hormone agonists (LHRHa) although oral oestrogens were used in the past; eventually perhaps 4% of Caucasians may be castrated. MCI as a side-effect of castration in men remains poorly researched. This pilot study will quantify the extent of MCI in men receiving ADT with LHRHa and oestrogen to inform the design of a larger study to understand mechanisms, predict affected patients and determine ways of reducing MCI. Researching relationships of sex hormones and MCI should improve understanding and interventions for slowing/preventing MCI in PCa survivors. HRT in women slows MCI. Alternatives for ADT include parenteral oestrogen. The PATCH clinical trial comparing transdermal oestrogen with LHRHa offers an opportunity to assess oestrogen as preventative for male MCI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and neuropsychological tests will be used to test this hypothesis.