Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

Cognitive biases are a hallmark of depression but there is scarce research on whether these biases can be directly modified by using specific cognitive training techniques. The aim of this study will be targeting and modifying specifically relevant attention biases in participants with subclinical depression using eye-tracking methodologies. This innovative approach has been proposed as a promising future line of intervention in Attention Bias Modification procedures (Koster & Hoorelbeke, 2015). Recent findings suggest that depression is characterized by a double attentional bias (Duque & Vazquez, 2015), More specifically, depressed individuals have difficulties both to disengage from negative materials (e.g., sad faces) and to engage with positive materials (e.g., happy faces). Thus, training procedures to change attentional biases should target these two separate components.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs mainly in aged patients. POCD may increase the mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanism of POCD is not clear yet and no effective therapy method was proved. According to our previous study, the central cholinergic system impaired by the anesthesia and surgery play a very important role in the POCD and donepezil an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can prevent the POCD after isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice. Donepezil is a commercial medicine used for the Alzheimer Disease, which is tolerable and has minimal adverse events. In present study a multi-center randomized case control study was conducted and we hypothesized that donepezil attenuate the POCD.

The investigators measured changes in cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and MMSE scores after retrobulbar block performed with levobupivacaine and lidocaine in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery.A total of 66 patients over the age of 60 undergoing vitreoretinal surgery with a total duration of less than 1 hour were included in this prospective, double-blinded study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group L (5ml, 2% lidocaine) and group LB (5ml, 0.5% levobupivacaine). Bilateral rSO2 measurements were recorded before the retrobulbar block and at 1-5 minutes post-block, during the procedure, and at 10-40 minutes post-op. MMSE was performed preoperatively and postoperatively in order to evaluate short term cognitive function. Sensory and motor block durations, pain, akinesia and conjunctival feeling scores, patient-surgeon satisfaction, and complications were also recorded.

Individuals of advanced age are at higher risk of cognitive deterioration.A single bout of aerobic exercise was found to improve cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of a single bout of balance and coordination exercise versus aerobic exercise on cognitive functions among elderly people.

This observational cohort study in healthy volunteers establishes normative data for the German version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and investigates the possible impacts of demographics on the MoCA total score.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether cognitive disorders are a risk factor for a fracture after a fall independently of a bone fragility.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect after 12 weeks of the oral intake of Lecitone®Se + 200UI/day of D3 vitamin with the effect of a placebo on changes in cognitive performance in Trial Making Test score part B (this test evaluate executive functions of mental flexibility) in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the depth of anesthesia with propofol affects the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction

At the acute stage of cerebral ischaemia, the only effective drug that increases the proportion of patients who survive without dependency is thrombolytic therapy by intravenous (i.v.) tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA). This treatment is entered into routine practice with similar results than in trials, in various places of the world including Europe and Japan. Stroke and dementia are closely related. About one patient in ten has dementia before a first-ever stroke, and more than one in three has dementia after a recurrent stroke. Pre-existing dementia is associated with a worse outcome of stroke, and pre-existing cognitive impairment without dementia is associated with a higher rate of institutionalisation within 3 years. In many patients cognitive impairment is due to the summation of the effects of vascular and Alzheimer lesions of the brain. More and more patients nowadays who are eligible for rt-PA are already known as demented at admission. A retrospective study conducted in a cohort of patients with dementia who had an ischaemic stroke and were treated by rtPA suggested that there is no increased risk of cerebral bleeding and death as compared with non demented patients. However, pre-existing cognitive impairment is possibly associated with (i) an increased risk of bleeding in patients with cognitive impairment, and (ii) a higher sensitivity to the neurotoxic effect of rt-PA on the brain tissue. Japanese patients differ from European patients by a higher risk of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, and a higher proportion of patients with small-vessel diseases. The primary objective of the OPHELIE-COG study is to determine whether ischaemic stroke patients who are treated with i.v. rt-PA are more likely to have a poor outcome (defined as a modified Rankin scale 2 to 6 at month 3) in the presence of pre-existing cognitive impairment or dementia. The secondary objectives are to determine whether (i) they have an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhages, (ii) the proportion of patients who have a poor outcome is lower than expected from the placebo group of randomised trials for patients with a similar range of baseline severity, and (iii) the influence of the cognitive state on outcome differs between Japanese and European patients.

Recent data suggests that anesthetics can have prolonged effects on gene expression, protein synthesis and processing as well as cellular function in ways that the investigators are only beginning to understand, especially in the very young and the elderly. Within moments to days of emerging from anesthesia - cardiac or non-cardiac - some patients experience mild to very severe disorientation and changes in memory and thinking ability without apparent cause. For the vast majority of patients, this Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD), generally subsides, but for some with "diminished cognitive reserve" - especially the elderly, those with less education or prior CNS events such as stroke or early dementia - changes in memory and executive function may persist. If prolonged for more than three months, POCD has been linked to an increased risk of death. In 1-2% of elderly patients, the problem may ultimately continue for more than a year, leading to a loss of ability to care for themselves and early demise. Though this may seem like a small percentage, seniors will comprise up to 40% of the 50-75 million surgical procedures performed annually over the next 20-30 years. This amounts to 70,000 - 200,000 elder affected, and for them and their families, the cost of POCD in longer-term care, lost wages, and extended suffering will remain very high.