Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

Evaluation of the effect of preoperative intravenous administration of amantadine sulfate on the prevention of the development of early cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Certain clinical syndromes eg frailty, sarcopenia, dementia, depression, cognitive impairment, vision impairment and falls in older adults carry an increased risk for poor health outcomes and if identified early, can be prevented, delayed or reversible. There is evidence to suggest that exercise and dietary intervention can help delay or prevent sarcopenia, frailty and dementia. The current hypothesis is older adults do not consume enough protein in their diet. Local delicacies enhanced with protein content, in addition to physical activity will improve muscle strength, function, perceived health status and possibly may even reverse frailty and sarcopenia. Additionally, it is hypothesized that combination of multi component group exercise activities and high protein nutrition will be effective in improving participants' social, mental and physical status.

We use Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), combined with simultaneous registration of electroencephalograph (EEG),for examining human cortical functionality. TMS-EEG is a noninvasive brain stimulation method that allows to study human cortical function in vivo. EEG provides an opportunity to directly measure the cerebral response to TMS, measuring the cortical TMS Evoked potential (TEP). In this study we measure TEPs, in a wide variety of neurological conditions and healthy as a measure of cerebral reactivity across wide areas of neocortex.

Investigators are doing this research study to find out if methylphenidate (MPH) can help people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or mild dementia likely due to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD). The study drug MPH is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but MPH is not approved by the FDA to treat Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia related to Alzheimer's Disease. However, other studies have been done in which MPH has been given to people with neurodegenerative dementias and results have shown some improvement in these people's mood and cognition. Investigators would like to see if MPH will help mood and cognition. This study will take place completely virtually (with the option to come in for the first visit to meet the study team). All study visits will occur over a secure videoconferencing platform. All study materials will be shipped directly to the home of each participant.

The present study aims to develop an index formed by the variables, functional tests, scales and instruments that best discriminate between healthy subjects and subjects with MCI and that allows the stratification of different levels of severity of MCI, and to validate new systems for the early diagnosis of subjects with mild cognitive impairment.

This study aims to evaluate the possible effect of melatonin on prevention of cognitive dysfunction in the postoperative period of elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia

Presently, the role of either genetic factors or biological sex in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is unknown. There is a critical need to determine which individuals are at high-risk for developing POCD by virtue of biological sex or genetic predisposition. The knowledge gained in the described research has the potential to shed light on mechanistic pathways, a necessary next step in order to ultimately identify therapeutic strategies.

With the growing burden of dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), and the lack of efficacious therapies, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Ergothioneine (ET) is a naturally occurring thiol derivative of histidine, obtained solely through diet and is able to accumulate in the body and brain, through the action of a specific transporter, OCTN1. In addition to a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo (animal) studies demonstrating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties of ET, several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of ET in various cell and animal models. Based on the ability of ET to counteract the underlying pathology of AD dementia, it is hypothesize that ET supplementation may prevent cognitive decline, especially in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment. This will be assessed using a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled, intervention study to test the ability of ET to delay or reverse cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

The Investigators aim to perform a feasibility study that will inform the development of a definitive, fully powered, randomised, controlled clinical trial in the future. The main hypothesis that would be tested in this future trial is that patients treated with regular conventional haemodialysis will have a lesser decline in cognitive function and a better quality of life over one year by using cooler dialysis fluid at 35°C, versus a standard dialysis fluid temperature of 36.5°C. This also should reflect in improvements in their abilities for activities of daily living and therefore, reduce carers' burden. If successful the treatment could be universally applied at no extra cost.

The purpose of this study is to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance. CSF cushions the brain from impact and carries waste products from the brain to the bloodstream. This process is known as clearance. Researchers have considered that impaired clearance of amyloid (a protein) from the aging brain causes buildup of amyloid in the brain and plays a role in increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. However, until recently, there has not been a method to measure CSF clearance. This study will examine CSF clearance using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, which creates images of structures in the body and their functioning. This study will also measure the amount of two proteins, tau and amyloid, in the brain. Tau and amyloid are proteins that build up in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. An investigational compound (tracer) called [18F]MK-6240 is injected into the blood prior to the scan in order to take images of the CSF clearance and measure tau protein in the brain. This tracer is considered investigational because it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use and is only being used for research purposes.