Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

Study reported that providing Oil Palm Phenolics to Nile rats blocked diabetes progression in this spontaneous diabetes model. The present study aims to determine the beneficial effects of Oil Palm Phenolics in uncontrolled insulin treated type 2 diabetic patients.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events (for example, heart attack) and the risk is related to one's overall control of blood glucose levels. In this study the investigators will measure the effects of saxagliptin, compared to placebo, before, during, and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The investigators will use samples of the patients' blood and tissue to measure and evaluate indicators of the body's response to the treatment. This study is being done to evaluate the effect of saxagliptin on biomarkers of the heart to help us understand whether reducing or controlling a person's blood glucose levels during and after CABG surgery will produce better clinical outcomes (for example, better heart health).

A Phase 2a study to evaluate the effects of an investigational compound administered at 200 mg, twice daily (BID), for 6 weeks in adult subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) on metformin background therapy.

A Phase 2a study to evaluate the effects of an investigational compound administered at 200 mg, twice daily (BID), for 6 weeks, with canagliflozin, in adult subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-dose clinical study consisting of 2 phases; 1) an 8-week lead-in period during which patients followed a diet judged to be within the acceptable guidelines of the ADA, and 2) a 12-week treatment period, at the beginning of which, Subjects are randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups: placebo, 3.4 g psyllium BID for a total of 6.8 g/day (10.4g Metamucil) or 6.8g psyllium BID for a total of 13.6 g/day (20.8g Metamucil). For 12 weeks, Subjects took Metamucil or the fiber-free placebo BID, just prior to breakfast and dinner. Patients visited the clinic 10 times during the 20-week period at Screening, Weeks -8, -6, -4, 0, Day 3, and Weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12, fasting at least 12 hours prior to each visit where a blood sample was taken (all visits except Week -6 and Day 3) for analysis of fasting serum glucose and lipid levels, and HbA1c. Clinical chemistry, hematology and urinalysis were done at Weeks -8, 0 and 12. The completed 7-day food diaries were reviewed by the study dietician at each visit and discussed with the patient to ensure compliance with the recommended diet and the patients' body weights were recorded

The purpose of this study is to determine with the administration of amiloride, observe an enhanced natriuresis, reduction in blood pressure and weight compared to the administration of hydrochlorothiazide in Type 2 Diabetics.

This study is designed to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of 6 weeks of oral doses of PF-05175157 provided as monotherapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background During the last years, the brain has been identified as a major insulin-sensitive organ . The investigators and also other scientists identified hypothalamus, fusiform gyrus and prefrontal cortex as major insulin-sensitivity brain areas in humans . Brain insulin action regulates important physiological functions in humans such as food intake, body weight regulation, and cognition. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that insulin action specifically in the brain is involved in the control of peripheral glucose metabolism via regulation of the sensitivity to insulin in the rest of the body. Recently, the investigators were able to replicate these findings in humans: The investigators measured whole-body insulin sensitivity in combination with the well-established experimental delivery of human insulin to the brain via an intranasal approach. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was profoundly improved by brain insulin action in lean but not in obese healthy volunteers. What determines the effectiveness of this brain-derived pathway is still unknown. Furthermore, insulin resistance of the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases possibly explaining the elevated risk for such diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to acutely modulate appetite- and reward-related brain areas in humans. Research in animals suggest a close interaction between insulin and GLP-1 action especially in homeostatic centers of the hypothalamus. In this context, it is important that GLP-1 sensitivity of the brain is still present in the insulin resistant human brain. The investigators therefore hypothesized that GLP-1 agonists are able to improve insulin sensitivity of the brain; this might be one mechanism how GLP-1 agonists lead to weight loss and improved glucose metabolism. This might also have beneficial implications for cognitive function. However, at present, there are no human studies examining the effect of a GLP-1 agonist on brain activity and especially insulin action in the brain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Furthermore, there is no study in humans examining the effect of newly initiated insulin therapy on brain activity and especially insulin action in the brain in patients with T2D. Rationale Based on the close interplay between hypothalamic insulin and GLP-1 signalling, the investigators hypothesize that the antidiabetic therapy with insulin glargine/lixisenatide combination (iGlarLixi) induces improved hypothalamic and prefrontal insulin sensitivity compared to a therapy with insulin glargine alone. This could underlay iGlarLixi's beneficial effects on body weight and whole-body glucose homeostasis. Objective To assess whether treatment with iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine changes brain regional insulin sensitivity and thereby glucose metabolism, eating behaviour, and cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD).

It is known from research that long-term exercise exposure in type 2 diabetes had positive effects. However, the effect of acute exercise in a patient group with already reduced cardiac function is not known. In this study, the impact of acute exhaustive high intensity interval training on cardiac function will be investigated in type 2 diabetes patients. One single session of exhaustive high intensity interval exercise training is expected to lead to a greater cardiac stress in diabetics than in non-diabetics, and in addition the right ventricle of the heart is expected to be more affected than the left ventricle.

Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. It is widely established that type 2 diabetes in linked to activated innate immunity and increased levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma. Studies in humans and in liver cells has shown that IL-6 downregulates important drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver (cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes). More than half of the most prescribed drugs are eliminated by biotransformation of these enzymes. The investigators have previously shown that initiating glucose-lowering treatment (e.g. metformin, sulphonylureas and insulin) leads to decreased therapeutic efficacy of the blood-thinning vitamin-K antagonist warfarin. Due to the non-specific effect of glucose lowering drugs, the investigators hypothesize that this is caused by the glucose-lowering effect rather than drug-drug interactions caused by the individual drugs. Based on the proposal that reversal of increased plasma glucose affects drug metabolism, the investigators will perform a clinical pharmacokinetic trial. The purpose of the study is to elucidate whether initiation of glucose-lowering treatment causes altered drug metabolism among patients with type 2 diabetes. The study will include newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes patients who will ingest a 6-drug cocktail consisting of probes for specific CYP enzymes. Plasma and urine will be drawn over 6 hours to determine concentrations of the drugs and their metabolites. Patients will then initiate metformin treatment and to assess both short- and long-term impact of glucose-lowering, the same 6-drug cocktail will be ingested, and concentrations measured, after three weeks and three months. To help understand the mechanism and the putative involvement of inflammation, markers of inflammation such as cytokines, transcription factors, etc. will also be assesses.