Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

It is known that obesity and/or physical inactivity greatly increase a person's risk of developing heart disease and other serious health problems. This is partly because diabetes is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Diabetes is also associated with high levels of triglycerides in the blood and tissues such as the liver (known as fatty liver or steatosis). This elevation of fat in the liver is known to cause liver insulin resistance and impair the function of the liver and this impairment contributes to the development of diabetes. Studies have shown that both aerobic exercise and weight loss have beneficial results on insulin resistance. However, the cause of this benefit remains unclear. We know that both aerobic exercise and/or weight loss can improve how muscle responds to insulin. However, it is also known that aerobic exercise and/or weight loss lowers liver fat content, thereby making it possible that the liver's response to insulin is also improved by weight loss and/or exercise training. An improved responsiveness of the liver to insulin could lower blood sugar levels after a meal and it could also lower morning blood sugar levels. However, very little is known about how exercise and/or weight loss improves liver function in people with type 2 diabetes. Hypothesis 1: Improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, as a result of exercise training will increase the amount of glucose from an oral load that is taken up by the liver in subjects with DM. Hypothesis 2: Increases in hepatic insulin sensitivity as a result of exercise will cause reductions in EGP during the fasted state, and will improve the suppression of EGP seen in response to hyperinsulinemia.

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk for developing atherosclerosis, largely due to the underlying insulin resistance and chronic low grade inflammation. Cardiovascular events could be prevented with proper interventions targeted at ameliorating the aforementioned detrimental processes. YKL-40, a novel surrogate marker of acute and chronic inflammatory states has been implicated to have a putative role in both pathways. Given the shared pathway of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, it is conceivable that anti-diabetes medications are able to modify coronary artery disease risk via direct and indirect amelioration of YKL-40 concentrations. The present clinical trial was therefore launched to examine the comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone, two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes medications on YKL-40 concentrations in medication-naïve, newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a widely used and well-established noninvasive medical diagnostic imaging tool. By using a static and a gradient magnetic field in combination with a radiofrequency field (RF), MR provides excellent contrast among different tissues of the body. Although long-term effects on human health from exposure to strong static magnetic fields seem unlikely, acute effects such as vertigo, nausea, change in blood pressure, reversible arrhythmia, and neurobehavioural effects have been documented from occupational exposition to 1.5 T. Cardiac MR (CMR) imaging requires some of the strongest and fastest switching electromagnetic gradients available in MR exposing the patients to the highest administered energy levels accepted by the controlling authorities. Studies focusing on experimental teratogenic or carcinogenic effects of MR revealed conflicting results. Since CMR is emerging as one of the fastest growing new fields of broad MR application, it is of particular concern that a recent in vitro study with CMR sequences has reported on CMR-induced DNA damages in white blood cells up to 24 h after exposure to 1.5 T CMR. Therefore, we hypothesized that CMR can induce the damage of endothelium and endothelial progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes

The purpose of this study is to determine whether participation in virtual environment which incorporates real-time diabetes self management and support (DSMT/S) is associated with positive changes in behavior and metabolic outcomes as compared to traditional web-based DSMT/S.

The purpose of this study is to determine the specific properties of a variety of dietary fibres that lead to different postprandial glycemic and satiety responses in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is accomplished by utilizing a variety of dietary fibres that demonstrate a wide range of properties in a pudding product, and by examining the ability of each of these to limit gastric emptying, limit glucose absorption, limit insulin secretion, and improve satiety, versus a low fibre control product.

To evaluate the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on glucagon counter-regulatory mechanisms at moderate hypoglycemia in metformin-treated subjects with T2DM

A first in human study to determine the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of PF-06293620 in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This project is a partnership between the University of Victoria and the eleven Diabetes Health Centres in the Fraser Health Region of British Columbia, Canada. The primary goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and effectiveness of using peer health coaches to assist persons with type 2 diabetes who are experiencing challenges in managing their diabetes. The University of Victoria will recruit and train sixty coaches with various cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds representing a community of practice. Coaches will also have type 2 diabetes or be familiar with type 2 diabetes and will have led or taken the Diabetes Self-Management Program in English, Punjabi or in Aboriginal communities. Training will also include navigating the health care system, accessing mandated health and employment- related services, importance of medication adherence and ability to understand health care instructions. One hundred and fifty subjects with type 2 diabetes will be recruited by Diabetes Health Educators or through community newspaper ads. Eligibility criteria for subjects include: adults with type 2 diabetes who speak English or Punjabi living in the Fraser Health region. A one group pre-post matched design will be used. Both participants and coaches will complete questionnaires at baseline, six and twelve months. The Diabetes Coaches will provide assistance to subjects for a period of 6 months. A project community advisory committee comprised of the researchers, Diabetes Centre administrative staff, clinicians, coaches, subjects, key community leaders and representatives from the diabetes industry will meet every three months to guide implementation and sustainability. Qualitative research methods (i.e., focus groups and interviews) will be used to gather feedback, perspectives, and opinions of all the stakeholders.

There is a high prevalence of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to be associated with poor self-management (adherence to diet, exercise, checking blood glucose levels) levels in patients with diabetes.To determine whether enhancing quality physician's care for depression improves both depression and diabetes outcomes in patients with depression and diabetes.

To compare the acute effect of soluble fiber intake from foods or supplement after a common meal on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis is a meal with a high content of soluble fiber from food determines glycemic and insulinemic response similar to a meal with a high content of soluble fiber from supplement sources.