Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

The aims of the study are to determine the prevalence of diabetes in subgroups of the population with certain characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, geographical area of residence), to estimate the proportion of those patients with diabetes treated without drugs, to estimate the proportion of the patients in which diabetes is not yet diagnosed, and to develop a proposal and recommendations for the development, implementation and evaluation of programs for the prevention and early diagnosis of diabetes. An analysis of the prevalence of diabetes in population subgroups and an estimate of the proportion of those patients who have non-drug treated diabetes will be drawn upon the data from the National Health and Health System Survey 2019, run by National Institute of Public Health. Methodologically it is a cross-sectional survey using a survey questionnaire based on the European Health Interview Survey. A sample of 16,000 inhabitants is invited to participate. The database contains sets of questions about health status, health markers and health care, and contains all the information that the research project covers. All those interviewees from the National Health and Health System Survey 2019 who are not aware to have diabetes will be invited to the health examination survey. They will be invited to perform an oral glucose tolerance test (once or twice, based on the results). In this way, diabetes can be diagnosed in those individuals who already have diabetes, but have not yet been aware of it. Secondary analyses of the data and the measurement of HbA1c from the sample of blood taken at the same collection will also give the opportunity to assess for example, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, their combinations, and obtain more data on the clinical meaning of oral glucose tolerance test versus HbA1c in diagnosing diabetes in Slovenian context. We estimate that approximately 1500-2000 people will perform the health examination survey part.

Hypoglycaemia or low blood glucose, and its fear are major barriers to achieving optimal glucose control. New technology, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGM), help to better identify hypoglycaemia and develop strategies to avoid it. These devices measure glucose in the skin, rather than in the blood, and provide information not only on how low glucose is, but also for how long. Recent studies showed that over half of episodes of low glucose with these systems are not recognised by people with diabetes, and even people without diabetes have sensor values that are below the current thresholds for hypoglycaemia [ low blood glucose] that we measure with traditional monitors. In this study, the investigators will evaluate the impact of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic episodes of low sensor glucose on a variety of clinical, patient-related and health economic outcomes such as mood, quality of sleep and productivity. The investigators will test different levels and durations of low sensor glucose to identify the one that best matches episodes that are symptomatic to best define hypoglycaemia using these systems. The investigators will also look at factors that influence this such as sleep or activity as well as diabetes management behaviours (such as insulin dosing, carb counting, etc). At the end of this study, the investigators will be able to provide a better definition of clinically relevant low sensor glucose readings that will help inform clinical as well as academic interpretation of CGM data.

The aim of the study was to perform a 3-year retrospective analysis from a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes that were treated by a pump device and were uncontrolled despite high U-100 insulin requirements. The study reports outcomes after the switch from U-100 U/ml Rapid-Acting Analog to U-500 U/ml Regular Insulin, both administered by Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality rate in Mexico. Although important advances in treatment strategies have been developed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, large gaps exist in achieving quality of care. Few studies have determined the effect of multicomponent interventions in low and middle income countries. The DIABEMPIC program is a quality of care initiative developed by primary care public health services of the Mexico City Government to propitiate diabetes empowerment in people living with type 2 diabetes through an intervention comprised by an interdisciplinary team care, shared medical appointment scheme, patient-centered care approach, structured diabetes education program, promotion of self-management, audit, and guaranteed supply of anti-diabetic medication. The DIABEMPIC program target population consists of patients with type 2 diabetes, without advanced chronic complications, who have regular care in the public primary care services in Mexico city.

Nutrients and chemicals in food are able to regulate expression of genetic elements. Gene-nutrient interaction in response specific diets can increase an individual's risk, shifting the individual from health toward the development of chronic disease. The Transcription Factor 7 Like 2 (TCF7L2) gene may either put individuals at risk for or protect from Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the presence of certain foods. The main purpose of this four-week study is to examine diet-induced gene-nutrient interaction, with a focus on glucose, insulin, inflammation (CRP) and the plasma metabolome in individuals who have either the CC or the TT form of the rs7903146 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C/T) within the TCF7L2 gene. The (2) one-week study diets, one Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) based and the other low-fat based will be separated by a (1) week return to a regular habitual diet.

Glycemic variability will be assessed using continuous glucose monitor(CGM) in type 2 diabetic patients who receive dulaglutide 1.5 mg/qw injection for 4 weeks.

Delay in commencing insulin among type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients is common. One of the reasons is patients' psychological insulin resistance (PIR), which is particularly prevalent in Chinese patients. The Chinese Attitudes to Starting Insulin Questionnaire (Ch-ASIQ) is the shortest locally validated questionnaire which is developed to understand the condition of PIR in T2DM patients while brief motivational interviewing has been shown to improve patients' collaborations and satisfactions, the alliance between patients and doctors, and the treatment adherence. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of a one-session educational intervention targeting psychological insulin resistance guided by Ch-ASIQ in promoting the insulin acceptance and initiation. A quasi-experimental study will be conducted on 130 insulin-naïve T2DM patients recruited from a primary care setting. Eligible participants in the intervention group will be treated with one 15-minute brief motivational interviewing guided by Ch-ASIQ while those in control group will be treated with usual care. Both groups will be further followed up for 6 months to observe for their insulin initiation. The primary outcomes: i. the proportion of patient referral to insulin clinic (insulin acceptance), and ii. the proportion of patient with insulin initiation (actual start of insulin therapy).

This observational study was planned to determine the relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and thiol disulfide homeostasis of individuals with type 2 diabetes. One of the current approaches in medical nutrition therapy of diabetes is to increase the consumption of foods with high antioxidant content in order to strengthen antioxidant defense. Increased dietary antioxidant intake may have both protective and therapeutic effects by reducing the risk of diabetes and preventing complications that may occur. It is known that dynamic thiol disulfide balance can be a good indicator of antioxidant defense in individuals with diabetes, and there are limited studies on this subject.

Background: The primary purpose of our study was to understand the damage in the peripheral nerves of patients with diabetes and to determine the change in patients' reaction rates and perceptions by the age groups, duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values, and compare these with those of the healthy individuals. Methods: This study was carried out at the Baskent University Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinic. A total of 64 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 64 healthy controls were included in the study. Finger tapping, visual, and auditory reaction time tests were performed on the subjects, respectively. The subjects' fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, and the duration of their diabetes were recorded. Analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25. Differences were considered statistically significant when the p-value is <0.05.

This will be a randomized crossover design with oral nutrition supplement interventions.