Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

The overall aim of the project is to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness of the SLIMMER diabetes prevention intervention in Dutch primary health care.

Type 2 diabetes patients have been proved to have decreased of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. Incretin based therapy is associated with improved glycemic control by boosting GLP-1 levels . Nevertheless, the clinical effects are in great diversity for poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes patients. This study is designed to understand the pharmacological effects and genetic variation of incretin based therapy on type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate point accuracy of the Abbott Sensor Based Glucose Monitoring (GM) System interstitial glucose results against Reader capillary Blood Glucose (BG) reference using the Consensus Error Grid. During the course of the wear duration, the subject is required to test fingerstick glucose measurement at least eight (8) times a day for capillary reference glucose measurements and three in-clinic visits of a maximum 13 hours each for venous reference glucose measurements. With every reference measurement, the subject or study staff will perform a measurement on the System.

The overall objective of this study is to examine the blood flow in the thigh muscles and sugar metabolism before and after 8 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on a bicycle ergometer in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and matched controls. The following parameters are included in the assessment: Sugar Metabolism Muscle and fat mass The blood flow at rest around the thigh muscles Oxygen uptake test on a bicycle ergometer and 5 km time trial

There is paucity of information about the combination therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and insulin. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic modality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

A standard hospital meal often contains a high percentage of carbohydrates (CHO), which may not be ideal for patients with diabetes. This concern is particularly pertinent to the breakfast meal, which often contains mainly CHO. Clinical observations suggested that such diets elevate pre-lunch blood glucose (BG) values. The study team compared standard hospital "no concentrated sweets (NCS)" breakfast meals with more balanced meals. The study team hypothesized that a balanced breakfast would improve pre-lunch BG values. This 8-week pilot study was conducted at Duke Hospital on two non-ICU cardiology wards. Ward A consisted mainly of patients with a primary diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Ward B consisted mainly of patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). The intervention breakfast menu included 5 choices containing 40-45g of CHO. All patients on Ward A (with and without diabetes) were given the intervention breakfast for the first 4 weeks of the study, while those on Ward B received standard menus (60-75g CHO in NCS meals). After 4 weeks, the standard and intervention wards were switched. Data were collected only on patients with diabetes who were able to consume meals.

The prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy is rising in all maternal age groups. There is increasing evidence that in-utero exposure to maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in children and adults. There is an urgent need to reduce these increasing rates of obesity and diabetes in subsequent generations. The MiTy Trial (Metformin in Women with Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial) is a CIHR-funded multi-centre, randomized controlled trial of women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (sample size n=500). The MiTy Trial is looking to determine the effect of the addition of metformin to a standard regimen of insulin in women with diabetes, on perinatal morbidity and mortality. The MiTy Kids Trial is a follow-up to the MiTy Trial which will determine whether treatment with metformin during pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes will lead to a reduction in adiposity and improvement in insulin resistance in the offspring of women with diabetes at 2 years of age.

A non-interventional cohort study using existing data from patients in the Optum Clinical Database which contains electronic health record (EHR) data from providers across the United States to determine whether there is comparable effectiveness of linagliptin on glycemic effectiveness

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) is a good marker of cardiovascular risk and inflammation. This study aims at the characteristic and clinical significance of LP-PLA2 test in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).

There is little known about menopause in African women, whose phenotype differs to Caucasian women, and no data is available on middle-aged black South African men. Accordingly, the study aims to examine the changes in sex hormone levels over the menopausal transition in women, and in men of the same age, and explore the effects on body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity and secretion, dissecting the specific roles of glucocorticoids and inflammatory mediators, in the context of HIV. Research questions and hypotheses: Does the decrease in sex hormones that occur with ageing increase circulating cortisol and/or inflammatory markers, and directly and/or indirectly via increases in central fat mass, decrease insulin sensitivity in middle-aged black South African men and women? Hypothesis: The mechanism underlying the decrease in insulin sensitivity (outcome) associated with the decline in sex hormones (exposure) that occurs with ageing is mediated via an increase in centralization of body fat (mediator), which is due to an increase in inflammation and cortisol production. How does HIV alter the relationship between sex hormones, inflammation and cortisol levels, and subsequently body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity? Hypothesis: HIV infection will exacerbate the effects of the decline in sex hormones with ageing, leading to further increases in inflammation and cortisol production, and a consequent increase in the centralization of body fat and decrease in insulin sensitivity. Does adipose tissue glucocorticoid and inflammatory gene expression differ between pre- and post-menopausal women, with and without HIV, and how do these relate to body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity and secretion? Hypothesis: Adipose tissue estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11HSD1) activity and pro-inflammatory markers will be higher in post- compared to pre-menopausal women, which will be exacerbated by HIV infection. This will be associated with down-regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) adipogenic genes, increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), a decrease in insulin sensitivity and secretion, and consequently an increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).