Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) as a novel surrogate marker of hypoglycemia

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a major microvascular complication of diabetes.Renal injury may be presented with the characteristics of albuminuria, and its main pathological change is glomerular sclerosis. However, both glomerular lesions such as glomerulosclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickness and tubulointerstitial fibrosis have been found in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rate, moreover the tubular injury may be the primary pathological change in diabetic renal injury not only the secondary change brought on by glomerular injury. Thus, if overt urinary albumin exists in T2DM patients, the tubular injury may be severe already. An index which is predominant, sensitive and convenient to be measured should be purposed.It is predicted that insufficient renal 1-alpha hydroxylase may play a critical role in diabetic nephropathy. Then the investigators present the presumption that the activity of renal 1-alpha hydroxylase could reflect the degrees of tubulointerstitial injury, using serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level as an index.

This study is conducted in the United States of America (USA). The aim of this study is to assess longitudinal variation of immune biomarkers in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy, non-diabetic subjects over a one year period.

SICA-HF is a prospective, multicentre, multinational, longitudinal, pathophysiological evaluation study, which is being conducted in 11 centres across six countries. SICA-HF receives funding from the European commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 241558 (SICA-HF) and from the Russian Ministry of Science and Education within the file transfer protocol "R&D in priority fields of the S&T complex of Russia 2007-2012" under state contract number 02.527.11.0007. The aim of SICA-HF is to provide detailed characteristics of co-morbidities of heart failure at baseline and over time, particularly with regards to obesity, cachexia, and type 2 diabetes.

The exact neuronal mechanism underlying the cognitive decline associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) still remains to be elucidated. Multi-parametric functional MRI can potentially provide functional, micro-structural, micro-vascular, and metabolic information on the affected brain at an earlier stage than does conventional structural MRI. The overall aim of the current proposal is to obtain a better understanding in the neuronal mechanisms that underlie cognitive decline in DM2 and the putative prediabetic condition the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), is a relatively new oral anti-hyperglycemic drug. Since its first approval in the USA in 1999, a potential link with bladder cancer has been a subject of debate. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September, 2010 and European Medicines Agency in July, 2011 issued an alert about a potential relation between the occurrence of bladder cancer and the prescription of pioglitazone, based on the data from various studies. France banned its use in July 2011. Recently Pioglitazone was banned from India without any evidence of increased bladder cancer in our population. With this background, we plan to study the risk of bladder cancer in male type 2 diabetes subjects aged more than 50 years who are on pioglitazone therapy as compared to never-users of pioglitazone in a retrospective cohort design and provide the first data from India to the policy makers regarding the purported risk in our ethnicity and geographical area.

This study is conducted in Asia. The aim of this non-interventional study is to evaluate the current status of diabetes management, control, and complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia.

Project description Research project title: Influence of moderate exercise on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics and healthy controls. Project description and objective Obesity is so widespread in Denmark that 47% of the population is classed as overweight (BMI>=25) and around 13% of the population is classed as obese (BMI>=30). The strong correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes (at least 2/3 of type 2 diabetics are overweight) has led to many studies which look at different forms of exercise for this group, because weight loss may improve the diabetes and even defer the onset of the disorder and in doing so lower complications and increase long term survival. For people who do not have type 2 diabetes, the work-induced increased sympathetic activity will lead to suppressed insulin secretion and increased glucagon secretion. This increases the endogenous glucose production from the liver and thus maintains a normal concentration of blood sugar in a physical training situation where the demand for glucose has increased. The theory behind the project is that the mechanisms that help to increase glucose production in the liver during physical activity are weaker in type 2 diabetics, which can cause hypoglycaemia during and after physical exercise. In other words, we want to study the liver's sensitivity to stimulus from physical work by patients with type 2 diabetes and in relevant healthy control subjects. Previous studies have indicated that this type of mechanism is not intact in type 2 diabetics; because the level of insulin does not fall as expected during or after physical training. However, there are no existing studies that measure the liver's glucose secretion using stable isotopes during prolonged moderate physical work. Measuring this will help to clarify our understanding of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetics. This study is very relevant, because it may be expected that the preferred form of physical exercise of an overweight type 2 diabetic can be of moderate intensity and previous studies also show that this form of physical exercise delivers health gains in terms of an improvement in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in the level of insulin. The objective of this study is to determine if the level of blood glucose stays constant before, during and after physical training and to examine the liver's ability to secret glucose accordingly.

This is a cross-sectional study of six hundred adults with type 2 diabetes, (300 White and 300 African-American) who will be recruited from two primary care sites to determine how social determinants of health impact diabetes outcomes. The first aim is to investigate the role of psychosocial factors and SES on diabetes care processes and outcomes. The second aim is to investigate the influence of community and neighborhood characteristics on diabetes care processes and outcomes. Finally, we will examine the contribution of social determinants of health to ethnic differences in diabetes care processes and outcomes. Clinical and metabolic measures will be abstracted from the electronic medical records. Outcome variables include hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, LDL-Cholesterol and quality of life.

This study is conducted in Asia. The aim of this non-interventional study is to evaluate the the current status of diabetes management, control, and complications in diabetic subjects with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.