Active clinical trials for "Motor Neuron Disease"

Nearly 60% of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients have a low level of diagnostic certainty (possible, probable) at the time of diagnosis. In the absence of biomarkers, this diagnosis is based, among other things, on the demonstration of the diffusion of signs of denervation by electroneuromyography (ENMG). The objective of this study is to improve the earliness and the level of diagnostic certainty by better demonstrating the diffusion of the denervation process by whole body muscular MRI.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare disease that could be difficult to diagnose. So it necessary to obtain numerous sample from different disease to develop more specific diagnosis kit It could be possible through the characterisation of new genetic biomarkers.

Background: - Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a new technique being studied to see if it is helpful in evaluating muscle disorders and nerve disorders. EIM looks at how a mild, painless electrical current travels through muscles. Researchers want to gain experience in using the EIM device. They will collect information on the results of using it on people with and without nerve and muscle diseases, and compare that with information from other standard tests. First, they will test the device on healthy people. Then they will test people with a variety of neuromuscular diseases. Because the test is noninvasive and not painful, researchers will test both children and adults. Objectives: - To gain experience using the EIM muscle testing device. Eligibility: Healthy volunteers at least 2 years old. Individuals at least 2 years old who have neuromuscular disease. Design: Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. Participants will have one 2-3 hour clinic visit. Researchers may request follow-up visits. Participants will be tested with the EIM device. The device and small electrodes will be placed on their skin. An electric current will pass through the device, but the participants will not feel this. Participants may have an ultrasound test. A gel will be put on their skin, and a device will be moved over the skin. Participants may have a nerve test. Electrodes will be placed on their skin, and they will feel a small shock. Participants may have a test where a thin needle is inserted in their muscle.

This study compares the effectiveness of two different approaches to advance care planning among older African Americans and older Whites living in the community. The two approaches are a structured approach with an advance care planning conversation led by a trained person using Respecting Choices (First Steps) and a patient-driven approach which includes a Five Wishes advance care planning form written in plain language. The study will determine which approach is more effective at increasing advance care planning within each racial group and reducing differences between the two groups in advance care planning.

Patients with sporadic ALS (sALS), which refers to those without a family history of ALS, are typically not subjected to genetic investigations as part of their standard care. Therefore, their mutation status is often unknown. Even patients with familial ALS (fALS), who have a known family history of ALS, are not regularly screened for genetic mutations. This project aims to study a large group of ALS patients, examining their family history, clinical characteristics, healthcare measures, and genetic variants in ALS's most commonly mutated genes: SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TARDBP. Examining genetically distinct ALS cohorts is significant, as understanding the relationship between genotype and disease progression is essential in determining the therapeutic potential of future genetic therapies.

In ALS models, it was shown that receptors, that bind an important messenger substance (glutamate) in the brain, are increased. In this research project, the investigators want to use a specific radioactive substance to find out whether these receptors are more detectable in people with ALS than in healthy people and increase over the course of the disease.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive, deadly disease. ALS leads to destruction of the neural pathways which control the conscious movements of the muscles. This destruction leads to muscular dystrophy with increasing difficulties in moving, breathing, swallowing, and speaking. In the last phase of an ALS patient's life it is necessary with respiratory therapy in order to breathe. In average an ALS patient lives 3 years from the time he or she gets the diagnose. The cause of the disease is still unknown and there is currently no treatment which can stop the progression of the disease. Former clinical studies have indicated that the innate immune system and in particular the complement system plays a significant role in the progression of ALS. The complement system, which is activated in cascades, is part of the innate system but participates in the innate as well as the acquired immune system. Former clinical trials have been characterized by limited knowledge about both the complement system as well as to how it is measured. Today it is possible to measure directly on the different components of the complement system and to understand its contribution to the overall immune response. It is also possible today to detect defects of the complement system. All these progressions are the foundation for this project which is carried out in close cooperation with one of the world's leading researchers in the complement system, professor Peter Garred from Rigshospitalet. The aim is to make a national research project about ALS in order to investigate the role of the innate immune system, and especially the complement system, in patients with ALS. In the long term the hope is, that this will lead the way to a targeted and effective medical treatment to the people affected by this grave disease.

Routine MRI is normal in motor neuron diseases such as ALS. However, advanced MRI techniques can provide an objective measure of degeneration (a "biomarker") by examining brain structure, wiring, chemistry, and function. We will develop and evaluate novel MRI techniques that could improve our understanding of ALS and provide a means to diagnose it sooner and monitor its progression. Importantly, we expect these techniques to improve how new drugs are tested, which may lead to the more rapid discovery of a treatment for ALS. Each participant will have 3 MRI scans over a period of 8 months, along with neurological and cognitive evaluations. Study visits will take 2 - 3 hours. MRI is a safe technique that does not involve radiation.

Thirty cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients were recruited from the neurology department of Ruijin Hospital, the pain department and the encephalopathy center of Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital. After the informed consent was signed, they were divided into a trial group and a control group. Each group contains 15 cases. The patients in the control group was treated with edaravone dissolved in saline during hospitalization, while the patients in the trial group was treated with edaravone, scopolamine, atropine and dexmedetomidine. Both groups of subjects were treated for 7 days within 3 weeks, followed by a buffer period of 3 weeks for observation, which was one treatment course. The total treatment protocol contains 3 treatment courses (or 18 weeks). Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were evaluated before treatment and 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 weeks after treatment. The observations include whether the functional scores of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Norris amyotrophic lateral sclerosis score, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis self-score, forced expiratory volume in one second, partial pressure of oxygen and maximum displacement of the hyoid were superior to those before treatment, and whether the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was inferior to those before treatment. Study hypothesis: Cholinergic receptor blocking therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is safe and effective in improving motor function and delaying disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This study aims to develop and evaluate biomarkers using non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) as well as ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus photography to assess the structure and function of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature and structure in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), or other neurodegenerative disease, diseases as outlined.