Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

To evaluate the efficacy of a new screening for infectious diseases: tuberculosis, HIV, HBV and HCV, based on risk factors questionnaires (TB screen for tuberculosis and TROD screen for HIV and hepatitis) amongst a population of legal migrants during their mandatory medical check-up. This study aims for a global improvement of screening and care for migrants.

A panel of highly sensitive circulating biomarkers for acute liver injury have been identified and demonstrated to identify liver injury on first presentation to hospital before standard tests are elevated in patients with paracetamol overdose. The investigators wish to test these biomarkers in patients with active and latent tuberculosis to see if they can be used to stratify patients undertaking anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. Anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury is the most frequent side-effect of anti-tuberculosis therapy, affecting 2-5% of tuberculosis patients seen at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh and hindering their effective treatment. Patients will be recruited from the TB out-patient clinic at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh. Blood samples will be taken every time the patient visits the clinic and also retrieved from the biochemistry lab. The biomarkers in the blood samples will be analysed to determine if they rise in patients who develop liver injury.

The main purpose of the CoDISEN cohort study is to propose a model of prevention and care for HIV and viral hepatitis adapted to the needs of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Dakar, Senegal.

To investigate the incidence of etiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis in close contacts of MDR-TB patients.

It is known that there is a complex relationship between tuberculosis and COPD. Post-tuberculosis airway disease or COPD associated with tuberculosis occurs in a significant portion of tuberculosis patients. However, it was observed that mortality rates and exacerbation rates of COPD patients with tuberculosis sequel were higher. However, the effect of tuberculosis sequela on functional outcomes in COPD patients has not been investigated in the studies. The aim of this study is to determine whether the previous tuberculosis sequelae has a functional effect on patients with COPD.

This is protocol is generated in response to the exploratory R21 from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) for US-Russia collaborative research in HIV/tuberculosis (TB). Given the exploratory focus of the protocol and the short time frame of funding (2 years) we will study TB in Irkutsk, in Eastern Siberia. Irkutsk is one of the hardest-hit areas in all of the Russian Federation for drug-resistant TB and poor TB outcomes. Specifically, the investigators will examine the factors of anti-TB drug pharmacokinetics, TB drug-resistance mutations and virulent/transmissible M. tuberculosis sublineages. This foundational work will inform future diagnostic strategies and therapeutic regimens.

Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a public health challenge. Many people in the UK do not have a general practitioner (GP) registration and their only interaction with the NHS is via Accident and Emergency (A&E) Departments of hospitals. This is often the case for those in hard to reach groups, who are also those often at highest risk of TB. This study seeks to assess whether A&E Departments are effective sites for the identification and onward management of TB, both in its latent and active forms.

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a growing problem and few people have access to adequate diagnosis and treatment. The current recommended treatment regimen for MDR TB has a minimum of 20 months duration with high toxicity. Scale up of MDR TB treatment is associated with high default rates, and experience in the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) programme in Uzbekistan shows that the current standard treatment greatly limits the ability to scale up to meet the high rates of MDR TB in the region. Evidence from Bangladesh in 2010 showed that a 9-month short-course regimen could achieve a relapse-free cure rate of 88%. Several countries in West Africa started implementing similar regimens with similar outcomes. Evidence of effectiveness of this shortened regimen among regions with high second line drug use and resistance is still limited. The investigators propose an observational study under programmatic conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of a shortened course MDR TB regimen in the high MDR/extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB prevalence and high second-line drug resistance setting of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan.

Imaging using 68Ga-DOTANOC PET (positron emission tomography) has the potential to detect granulomas in pulmonary tuberculosis, leading to previously unexplored indications for this PET tracer, including identification of subclinical disease in latently infected individuals. This study aims to assess the ability of 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/MRI to detect pulmonary lesions in individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (also known as TB) is a common infection and a major cause of death in children. Effective treatment using a combination of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) medications saves lives, but dosages of these medications are not well established in children. Several research studies have shown that the recommended dosages of the anti-TB medications in children do not lead to adequate blood levels to kill the bacteria in some children. This situation may lead to treatment failure and emergence of drug resistance. As a result, the world Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended increased dosages for all the TB medications in children. This study is being conducted to find out if the increased dosages of the anti-TB drugs are safe and lead to adequate drug levels in the blood of children with TB with or without HIV infection.