Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

Tuberculosis (TB) infects nearly two billion people and has become the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, due in part to inadequate diagnostic and prognostic tests. Older diagnostic tools, such as acid-fast staining, and newer diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification, are either insensitive, expensive, or not suitable for use at the clinical point-of-care. Therefore, novel diagnostic tests are needed to diagnose active TB disease among adults, people living with HIV (PLHIV), and children in TB-endemic countries. In this project, the investigators will conduct clinical evaluation studies of emerging TB diagnostic tests among (1) hospitalized adults, (2) ambulatory adults in outpatient clinics, and (3) children <12 years suspected of having active TB disease. the investigators will also maintain a biorepository of well-characterized clinical specimens that can be used for either retrospective validation of TB diagnostic tests, establishing a reference LAM test, or to share with partners developing novel TB diagnostics, including new LAM antibodies. The project will be coordinated at the University of Washington, and conducted in partnership with clinical research partners in South Africa, including Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management (UIRM) and the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). The project team is well-equipped to serve as a central clinical research site to evaluate new and emerging point-of-care TB diagnostics, particularly novel urinary LAM assays, at the on-site TB Diagnostics Research Laboratory at Edendale Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

TB-reactive immune cells will be tested in a multiparametric flow cytometry to distinguish an immune response for antigens of Mycobacterium spp. in TB disease/latent infection or a reaction after BCG vaccine.

It is traditionally considered that someone with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) (and/or positive result in Cell Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (TIGRA), depending on the different countries' guidelines) is infected but not ill when the absence of lesions is demonstrated in a thorax X-Ray assay. Even though, the experiences described in literature using cows and pigs as animal models for the study of LTBI demonstrate the presence of this kind of lesion in the animals, even too small to be detected by X-Ray assay, which would suggest they also could happen in human LTBI. Nowadays, the High Resolution Scanners (HR TC) offer the possibility of detecting any lesion approximately 1 mm in diameter, so the investigators plan to use this technique to screen people already infected by M. tuberculosis (but not ill, following the Diagnosis Standard Guidelines). Additional pathological analysis of resected and post-mortem tissues will provide lesion-based profiles of humans infected with tuberculosis.

Several case report showed that the co-infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prevalence and its clinical significance of co-infection of Mycoplasma pneumonia in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

It is traditionally considered that the development of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is due to the M. tuberculosis ability to develop a dormancy state within well-structured lesions (granulomas), which can remain in the lung of the host even for life. A new original hypothesis has been developed in the Experimental Tuberculosis Unit based on scientific evidence that take into account the idea that a lesion cannot be held forever, because the host tends to remove any lesion in order to rebuild the original parenchyma, in a healing process. Even if M. tuberculosis can remain in a dormant/non-replicating state for a long period, this is an important but not sufficient factor to explain the LTBI. The Dynamic Hypothesis tries to explain the existence of LTBI in spite of the healing process that could remove it by a constant reinfection of the host's tissue. While the "Static" view defends the induction of active TB after the reactivation of the bacilli from and old lesion; while the "Dynamic" view wants to demonstrate that there is a constant induction of new granulomas. In case one of these new lesions takes place in the upper lobe privileged zone, the possibility to induce a cavity would appear, developing an active Tuberculosis (TB).

This experiment is designed to analyze the metabolites in body fluids from patients with active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection also with health volunteer, then combine the metabolic product features with clinical characteristics, to develop a kind of metabolites targets to evaluate the progress in tuberculosis, thus provide a basis for further utilization of humoral metabolites in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

identify the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (according to new guideline ;NICE tuberculosis) among these high risk groups of children and notify ministry of health

To follow-up the latent tuberculosis infection and evaluate the risk of developing active tuberculosis in patients with severe chronic kidney disease or receiving long-term dialysis

Multi-center, observational, prospective cohort study including patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at different sites in Germany. The aim the study is the identification of biomarkers for therapy response.

This is an observational cohort study. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients will be enrolled at the time of TB diagnosis and prospectively followed for at least two years after TB-treatment initiation with optional prolonged follow-up. Study visits will be performed in the study clinics or if necessary at the participant's home at pre-defined time points after TB treatment initiation. Clinical assessments, biological sample collections and collection of socio-economic data will be performed according to the pre-defined schedule of events.