Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

Tuberculosis is the third leading infectious killer. In 2021, an estimated 10,6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis worldwide. Drug resistance emerges with the increase of antibiotherapy use. Among the four antimicrobial drugs used for tuberculosis, isoniazid is a first line treatment. It has a bactericidal activity against the tuberculosis complex. Nevertheless, the hepatic metabolism of isoniazid shows variation between individuals. There is a real risk of hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by isoniazid. The peak measurement (Cmax) of serum isoniazid is recommended to adjust the treatment and to allow recovery. Moreover, several samples allow a kinetics of isoniazid elimination so as to distinguish slow and fast acetylators. Few data are available on isoniazid acetylation. It could be useful to know the proportion of patients treated by isoniazid at a standard dose, associated with a risk of overdosing or underdosing. Inadequate exposures should be studied to understand if there is an impact in the medical care.

This prospective study aims to determine the incidence of Post-tuberculosis lung damage (PTLD), examine trends in the changes in lung function, and investigate the impact of smoking and other factors on respiratory symptoms, lung function, and chest CT findings, which will aid in the development of prognostic and therapeutic strategies for PTLD.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global epidemic and for many years has remained a major cause of death throughout the developing world. Zambia is among the top 30 TB/HIV high burden countries. Chest X-ray (CXR) is recommended as a triaging test for TB, and a diagnostic aid when available. However, many high-burden settings lack access to experienced radiologists capable of interpreting these images, resulting in mixed sensitivity, poor specificity, and large inter-observer variation. In recognition of this challenge, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of automated systems that utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to read CXRs for screening and triaging for TB. In this study, we primarily evaluate the performance of our AI algorithm for TB, and secondarily for Abnormal/Normal.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial lung infection leaving 3.6 million people undiagnosed each year. Thirty percent of infected people do not receive treatment due to failure to receive diagnostic testing or being lost to follow-up between testing and availability of results. Objective: To refine and field-validate a point-of-care (POC) finger stick blood test for use worldwide to triage for active TB. Eligibility: Persons aged 12 - 70 years with symptoms suggestive of TB disease Study design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam HIV test, diabetes screening Blood (finger stick and venous), sputum and urine collection Chest X-ray TB positive participants will receive treatment from the National TB Program at Community Health Centres and clinics.

Based on the collected antibiotic concentration data and individual patient's clinical information, a pharmacokinetic analysis report that can be applied for dose adjustment of the individual patient is provided. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic obtained from the patient's clinical isolate is also explored. Utilizing these, we intend to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of antibiotics prescribed in treating Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The developed population pharmacokinetic model can be applied for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on dose adjustment through the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters.

To determine the pharmacokinetics of ethionamide (Eto) and ethionamide-sulfoxide (Eto-SO) in participants with tuberculosis (TB) when Eto is dosed under programmatic conditions.

Stool4TB aims to evaluate an innovative stool-based qPCR diagnostic platform (with the capacity to become a POC diagnostic tool) in the high TB and HIV burden settings of Mozambique, Eswatini and Uganda, under the hypothesis that it will narrow the extremely large TB case detection gap by improving TB confirmation rates in children and people living with HIV (PLHIV).

ISIT-TB Prototype is a diagnostic assay based on a transcriptional blood signature suggestive of the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a deadly infectious disease and major global public health problem. Recent evidence from animal studies suggests that the microbiome plays a role in TB pathogenesis and immune response. However, until now, no similar study has been performed in humans and thus any influence of the microbiota on TB or vice versa remains unknown.

Undernutrition is a leading global risk factor of tuberculosis (TB) and a prevalent comorbidity associated with TB. In Benin, the National TB Program systematically provides nutritional support to all persons with TB (PWTB), distributing prepared foods to hospitalized patients and food baskets during outpatient care. In Togo, the PWTB population is similar to that of Benin; however, Togo does not have a systematic program in place to provide nutritional support to these patients. The investigators will perform a prospective cohort analysis using anonymized TB patient data from the National TB Programs of Benin and Togo. Participants enrolled in Benin will receive nutritional support from the hospital while those enrolled in Togo will not. Participants in Togo who do not receive nutritional support will serve as a control. Unfavorable outcomes in both groups such as treatment failure, death, or relapse will be compared. The results from this study should help to shape TB programs in the future by incorporating nutritional support.