Active clinical trials for "Tuberculosis"

Tuberculosis (TB) disease is caused by bacteria that have infected the lung. TB bacteria are very small living agents that are spread by coughing and can be killed by taking TB drugs. To kill these TB bacteria TB patients have to take a combination of four drugs for 2 months and then two drugs for a further 4 months. During the first 2 months patients take rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. After that patients take only isoniazid and rifampicin for a further 4 months, making a total of 6 months therapy. In A5307 the investigators wanted to test a new combination of drugs to see if the investigators could treat TB faster in the future. Studies in animals have suggested that one of the four drugs, isoniazid, only works for a few days and may not be needed after the first two doses of TB treatment to kill the TB bacteria. After that its effects wear off to the point that it may even interfere with the other drugs. The investigators wanted to see if stopping isoniazid early, or using moxifloxacin, a different drug, instead could treat TB faster. This study was the first time that this type of regimen without isoniazid had been tested in humans. If the investigators could show that isoniazid stops working after a few days, the investigators could then try to see if they could possibly make a better tuberculosis treatment in the future.

PNU-100480 is being developed for the treatment of both drug resistant and sensitive tuberculosis. This is an efficacy and safety study to characterize the effect of PNU-100480 when given for 14 days to treatment-naive patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis.

The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of 100mg, 200mg , 300mg and 400mg once daily of OPC-67683, administered orally for 14 consecutive days, in patients with uncomplicated, smear-positive pulmonary TB. The four OPC-67683 treatment groups will comprise 12 patients each and the one standard therapy (Rifafour e-275) group six patients. Trial 242-06-101 is an exploratory and not a confirmatory trial and as such no hypothesis will be tested statistically. The control group, six patients treated with Rifafour, will serve as an control to confirm the microbiological assessments during the trial.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of Nevirapine in HIV patients already treated against tuberculosis by Rifampicin is as efficient and as well tolerated as Efavirenz.

The aim of the trial is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of two doses of RUTI® vaccine administered four weeks apart after one month pre-treatment with INH. The trial will be double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled with 96 subjects (48 HIV- and 48 HIV+ subjects). Three different RUTI® doses and placebo will be tested, randomizing assigned both in HIV+ and HIV- subjects. Each subject will be randomized to receive one of the four treatments (placebo, 5, 25, 50 μg), after completion of one month INH pre-treatment (one tablet of 300mg/day, vp.o.). Each subject will receive two administrations of the same treatment, 28 days apart. Subjects will be monitored until one month after the second inoculation with RUTI®.

REMoxTB is a study for the "Rapid Evaluation of Moxifloxacin in the treatment of sputum smear positive tuberculosis". REMoxTB aims to find and evaluate new drugs and regimens that shorten the duration of tuberculosis therapy. The purpose of REMoxTB is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and acceptability of two moxifloxacin-containing treatment combinations to determine whether substituting ethambutol with moxifloxacin in one combination, and/or substituting isoniazid with moxifloxacin in another combination, makes it possible to reduce the duration of treatment for TB.

In this phase II clinical trial, the pharmacokinetics, safety and (short-term) efficacy of higher than standard doses rifampicin will be studied during the intensive phase of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Patients enrolled in this study will either get the standard TB regimen (including 600 mg rifampicin; first study arm), or 900 mg rifampicin plus isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in standard dosages (second study arm), or 1200 mg rifampicin plus the other drugs in standard dosages (third study arm). All patients will get the standard TB regimen during the continuation phase of treatment.

The antibiotic linezolid when given for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is safe and tolerated at a low dose (600 mg daily) for a limited duration (16 weeks)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether adjunctive L-arginine and vitamin D can improve response to standard short course TB therapy in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB.

The purpose of this research is to further study the tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). The goal of this study is to evaluate whether the BCG vaccine is more effective in preventing TB in adults if it is given after 6 months of treatment with a widely used anti-TB drug, isoniazid (INH). Participants will include 82 healthy, tuberculin skin test positive (TST+), HIV-uninfected, male and female volunteers, aged 18-40 years. The study will be conducted in Worcester, South Africa. Subjects will be assigned by chance to 1 of 2 possible treatment groups. Group 1 will receive 6 months of oral INH treatment followed by intradermal (administered into the skin) BCG revaccination and one year of follow-up. Group 2 will be observed for 7 months which will be followed by intradermal BCG revaccination and another 6 months of follow-up. Then 6 months of INH treatment will be given. Participants will be involved in study procedures for about to 22 months.