Active clinical trials for "Neonatal Sepsis"

Hypothesis: Orally ingested lactoferrin has effects on promotion of growth and differentiation of the immature gut; also it has immunomodulatory properties, so it will prevent serious infections in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to: Evaluate the effectiveness of oral lactoferrin in prevention of neonatal sepsis. Compare two dose regiment of lactoferrin supplementation. Study effect of lactoferrin supplementation on serum iron stores. It is a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, it will include 180 preterm neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Manshiet El Bakry Hospital. •Group A: Who will receive oral lactoferrin supplementation in a dose of 100 mg/day. •Group B: Who will receive oral lactoferrin supplementation in a dose of 150 mg/kg/ twice daily. •Group C (Controls): Who match the subjected neonates, will receive placebo in form of distilled water.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is a prohormone and its active form is 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. This hormone has effect on both calcium, phosphorus and bone metabolism and also bone morrow, muscle, heart and immune system. For a long time, maternal low vitamin D level is a well known problem for our country and the level was reported as <10 ng/ml for 46-80% of mothers.The most prominent risk factor was determined as low socioeconomic status. Therefore, the level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D is supposed to be in relation with several neonatal morbidities and maternal complications of pregnancy.

Neonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) diagnosis is difficult due to lack of sensivity and specificity markers. The investigators conduced a restrospectif study to all term born infants born between 1 january and 31 December 2013 and hospitalized for suspect EOS. The presence of neonatal symptoms at birth appears to be a useful clinical marker of probable neonatal EOS.

This study will evaluate the effect of skin antisepsis and/or emollient therapy on bacterial colonization dynamics in very low birth weight, hospitalized infants. Bacterial swabs from 5 body sites will be collected at baseline, day 3, day 8 and day 13 following study arm assignment. Study outcomes include changes in bacterial colony counts, burden of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens and overall skin score.

Pakistan has the third highest number of neonatal deaths worldwide. During the last two decades (1990-2013), neonatal mortality rate in the country has declined by only 1.0% per year. Severe infection is the second most leading cause of neonatal mortality, account for 28% of all deaths in Pakistan. Majority of neonatal deaths occur in infants who LBW (birth weight <2500g) and LBW comprises of both preterm / small for gestational age newborns. Breastfeeding helps protect infants from infections by serving as a source of nutrition uncontaminated by environmental pathogens. The protection is due to the multiple anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and immuno regulatory factors transmitted through milk including secretory antibodies, glycan's, Lactoferrin, leukocytes, cytokines & other components produced by the mother's immune system. Reduction in neonatal infections and deaths is the aim of this study. The study is being conducted at the Aga Khan University in collaboration with University of Sydney.

This study will review practices in relation to chorioamnionitis (CAM) before and after to the implementation of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS) Risk Calculator to determine the effect in the nursery at Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix. Newborns enrolled will be at least 35 weeks gestational age (GA) and have a maternal diagnosis of at least suspected or confirmed CAM. The data will include those newborns whose assessment and treatment were not guided by the EOS calculator which was implemented on August 28, 2019 and those with which the EOS calculator was utilized. A secondary objective is to show the economic impact with utilization of the EOS calculator. Data collected will include full laboratory workups including complete blood counts (CBC), blood cultures, antibiotic usage, length of time in the newborn nursery and total length of stay.

Aminoglycosides such as Amikacin are routinely used in newborns for the treatment of neonatal sepsis due to gram-negative bacilli. Despite the frequency of this indication, it has not yet been possible to establish definitive dosage schedules that ensure effectiveness and low risk of toxicity, due to the high pharmacokinetic variability observed in this population. In addition to anthropometric variables, evidence from retrospective studies suggests that sepsis could be capable of significantly modifying the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in neonates, but the investigators suggest conducting prospective studies of higher methodological quality to verify this hypothesis. Due to the lack of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK / PD) studies of Amikacin in this group of patients, the investigators have raised the need to develop a prospective observational study; describing a PK / PD model of amikacin in newborns with suspected sepsis.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether analysis of specific serum biomarkers will improve the diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis and to determine the correlation between plasma levels of specific cytokines and bacteremia in NICU patients >3 days of age.

A prospective two-center antibiotic regimen switch study will be conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of two antibiotic regimens - penicillin/gentamicin versus ampicillin/gentamicin - in the empirical treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis. The influence of either regimen on bowel colonization pattern and on the development of antibiotic resistance of gut microflora will also be assessed. The primary endpoint is the need for a change in antibacterial treatment within 72 hours of therapy, based on pre-defined criteria. Secondary endpoints will be the incidence rate and etiology of early and late onset neonatal sepsis and susceptibility pattern of causative microorganisms; mortality rate within 60 days; duration of hospitalization in NICU; duration of artificial ventilation; colonization pattern and susceptibility of colonizing bacteria (including resistance to empiric antibiotic regimen).

Melghat is poorly developed tribal area in India with very high child mortality & malnutrition prevalence (grossly inadequate medical facilities). Important health problems. Malnutrition , Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Anaemia, Malaria, Diarrhoea, Premature and L. B. W. babies, Neonatal sepsis, Feeding problem, Birth asphyxia. The investigators developed a Home Based Child Care (HBCC) model to reduce neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) and severe malnutrition(SM) in this region. Melghat. Need of project : Melghat is known for highest U5MR in Maharashtra. Overall aims and importance of the research:. The results obtained in this area will be applicable for reducing children mortality and malnutrition in other parts of Melghat and all other tribal areas of India. Methodology: RCT-Home based child care (HBCC) by trained village health workers .(ARI, Diarrhoea, Malaria clinically & Neonatal care) in 19 villages. Strengthening of existing government ICDS and health system. Melghat. Need of project : Melghat is known for highest U5MR in Maharashtra. Overall aims and importance of the research:. The results obtained in this area will be applicable for reducing children mortality and malnutrition in other parts of Melghat and all other tribal areas of India. Methodology: RCT- (HBCC) by trained village health workers .(ARI, Diarrhoea, Malaria clinically & Neonatal care) in 19 villages.