Active clinical trials for "Ovarian Neoplasms"

Ovarian cancer, especially epithelial ovarian carcinoma, has the highest mortality rate among the gynecologic malignancies. The majority of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma are diagnosed at advanced stage which has the overall survival rates of only 19-30%. As the advance in the managements which prolonged the overall survival, metastatic lesion in rare location such as brain was noted in few patients of ovarian cancer in recent years. In the retrospective study, the investigators will review the medical records of the ovarian cancer patients with brain metastasis in the investigators hospital to investigate the incidence, clinical courses, optimal managements and possible prognostic factors in the rare condition.

This study aimed to compare the activity of Thymidine Kinase 1 in serum of two groups of woman at high and normal risk for breast/ovary cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the first mortality rate of gynecologic malignancies. The incidence of ovarian cancer increased in recent 10 years. Ovarian cancer indeed is a disease that should be respected, however, there were only few of research work focusing on it in Taiwan. To study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer will help us understand this disease and develop new strategies of diagnosis and prevention for ovarian cancer in the future. The present diagnostic methods of malignancy are clinical symptoms, physical examination, evaluation of tumor markers and instruments. It is a important issue to diagnose cancer earlier to improve the survival of cancer patients. By the development of biomedical science, many genes have been identified to be related with the carcinogenesis. If we can detect the possibility of genetic mutation earlier, we may deal with the suspected areas of malignancy as soon as possible. To our present knowledge, carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer has strong correlation with some special genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. There is 1 out of 200 normal population with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation in the western countries. The incidences of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation even increase to 30-50% in the population of familial ovarian cancer. Women with BRCA1 gene mutation have 80% to get breast cancer before the age of 70 and 63% of them would get ovarian cancer before the age of 70. Women with BRCA2 gene mutation have 80% to get breast or ovarian cancer before the age of 70. It seems that the genetic diagnosis of BRCA1/BRCA2 has its clinical practice. The development of new instrument- denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is to use automated detection to find out the minute or single mutation of nucleotide. It has been applied to the clinical service by utilizing DHPLC for the genetic diagnosis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 of breast cancer patients in the department of Genetic Medicine of our hospital. It will become a most powerful tool to establish the database of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation of the ovarian cancer patients in Taiwan, when we can use the technique of DHPLC combining with the direct DNA sequencing.

Patients with known ovarian cancer will be imaged up to four times with FDG-PET, C13 MRI and other novel MRI techniques during their treatment course including: before the start of any treatment (with optional repeat scanning), after the first dose of chemotherapy (optional), after the third dose of chemotherapy (optional) and after surgery (optional). Imaging findings will be compared to biological properties of cancer tissue samples.

This study aims to analyze the expression of micro-RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) by next-generation sequencing in patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and benign gynecologic diseases. The candidate miRNA/lncRNA will be validated as biomarker for the detection and prognosis of HGSOC.

A homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scoring model based on loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is little explored in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. This study would recruit 200 Chinese EOC patients with known BRCA1/2 mutation status and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. A LOH-HRD model is to be constructed based on the genetic testing in these patients. The mutated genes, HRD score model and their relationship with the prognosis, would provide a full description of for the Chinese EOC patients, and a potential explanation of platinum-resistance in such population.

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is an important biomarker of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The stability of HRD in the recurrent HGSOC and its primary pair remains unknown.

Little is known about the characteristics of genetic mutation in a large multi-gene panel in epithelial ovarian cancer. This study is to explore the targeted genetic mutations via a multi-gene panel, which consists of more than 500 hundred genes. The mutation characteristics are to be revealed in single nucleotide variants, copy number variations, insertion-deletion variations, and genomic structural variations. The total mutation burden (TMB) will be calculated. The status of microsatellite instability, expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies are also tested. These findings will be studies in association with the patients' prognosis and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy.

This is a longitudinal observational phase II, single center, single arm study on the reliability of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma organoids obtained from primary debulking surgery (PDS)+adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy + interval debulking surgery (NACT+IDS) cases as model for the patients' response to treatments. Since organoids represent a model system comparable to patient-derived xenografts, the investigators tested the null hypothesis that the possibility of correctly identifying the drug-sensitivity could improve from 80%, as assessed by xenografts to at least 95%. The first step was planned to include 7 patients; if 5 or more patients do not respond, the trial will be terminated. If the trial goes on to the second stage, a total of 43 patients will be studied. Considering a patient dropout of approximately 10%, the study was planned to enroll at least 48 patients.

The aim of the project is to corroborate them on a large retrospective cohort of HGS-EOC and confirm the possibility of identify TP53 mutations in high grade endometrioid tumors. This will consequently allow to confirm the previous results and define with a greater precision the temporal windows in which it will be possible to detect, through the TP53 analysis, tumor material by vaginal swab sampling. The results of the study will be the first step of a multiphase prospective validation program for the development of a novel approach for early diagnosis of EOC.